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Chap 24 Digestive system
On test 3
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/08/2012

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Term
overview of digestion system
Definition

starts at the mouth ends at anus. Purpose is to break food down into its smallest particle so it can be taken in by the body.

Term
gastrointestinal tract
Definition
continuous tube from the mouth to the anus. Consist of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. 16-20 ft long
Term
accessory digestive tract
Definition
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas.. which accessory organs never come in contact with food? Liver pancreas and gall bladder.
Term
6 functons of digestive system
Definition
  1. ingestion
  2. secretion
  3. mixing and propulsion
  4. digestion
  5. absorption
  6. defecation
Term
ingestion
Definition

1.   taking food and liquid into the mouth.

Term
secretion
Definition

1.   cells of the gi tract and accessory digestive organs secrete water, acids, buffers and enzymes in to the lumen of the GI tract.

Term
mixing and propulsion
Definition
alternating relaxations and contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract
Term
digestion
Definition

1.   break down of food into small molecules

                                 i.     2 types:

1.    mechanical- exchewing, turning of stomache and

2.   chemical- ex stomach secretions.

Term
absorption
Definition
 entrance of the ingested food into epithelal cells into the gi tract.
Term
defecation
Definition
removal of waste in digestable substances and bacteria in the form of feces.
Term
4 layers of GI Tract
Definition

Walls of the espohpogus to anal canal and are arranged in 4 layers. Listed deep to superficial

  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis
  4. serosa

 

Term
mucosa of GI tract
Definition

in lining of the gi tract which is a mucus membrane composed of its own 3 layers.

  1. epithelium
  2. llamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae
Term
epithelium of mucosa layer of the GI tract
Definition
mouth, pharynx , esophagus, and anus are all non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Its purpose is protection. stomach, small and large intestine simple columnar epithilium and its functions is secretion and absorbtion.
Term
lamina propria of mucosa layer of the GI tract
Definition
ariolar CT contains our blood vessesl and lymph vessels so that nutrients can be transferred to other cells. Also contains mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) little green things. They are lymphatic nodules.
Term
muscularis mucosae of mucosa layer of the GI tract
Definition
outer muscular layer thin layer of smooth muscle that creates folds to increase surface area for digestion and absorption.
Term
submucosa of GI tract
Definition
made of ariolar CT that contains blood and lymphatic vessels and it receives the absorbed food molecules from the mucosa. It is another passageway that carries nutrients out.
Term
muscularis layer of gi tract
Definition
 muscle layer in the mouth pharynx, and superior and middle esophagus is made of skeletal muscle for voluntary swallowing. It is smooth muscle throughout the rest of the GI tract. The smooth muscle will involuntary contract to break food down, mix it with secretion, and propel it along the digestive tract.
Term
serosa layer of the gi tract
Definition

1.   most superficial it consist of simple squamous empithilium and ariolar CT. that helps hold the GI tract in place.

Term
serosa layer of gi tract
Definition

1.   most superficial it consist of simple squamous empithilium and ariolar CT. that helps hold the GI tract in place.

Term
enteric nerouvs system
Definition
“brain of the gut.” It contains the neurons that innervate from the esophagus to the anus(basically the whole thing.  Made up of 2 parts. Myentary plexus and submucosal plexus. Sensory neurons send signals from the gi tract to CNS by chemoreceptor and stretchreceptor reflex.
Term
myentary plexus
Definition
located between the smooth muscle layers of the muscularis layer. Contains neurons that control gi tract motility(momvement)
Term
submucosal plexus
Definition
located in the submucosa layer and its motor neurons control secreations of our epithelial cells and organs.
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition

regulates your enteric nervous system. The vagus nerve supplys parasympathetic fibers to most of the gi tract, which increase gi secretions and motility. Sympathetic fibers function to decrease secretion and motility.

Term
gastrointestinal reflex pathways
Definition

regulates gi secretions and motitlity in response to stimuli present in the lumen of gi tract.

Term
peritonium
Definition
 largest membrane of the body and consist of layers of simple squamous epithelium and ariolar CT and is divided into 2 parts.
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
lines the wall of the abdominal pelvic cavity.
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
covers our organs within the cavity and is also the serosa layer(most outer layer) of the digestive tract. Made of ariolar CT and simple squamous epithelium.
Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum and contains a fluid for support and lubrication for the organs of the cavity.

Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
organs that attached to the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum only on their anterior surface. Organs that considered: retroperitoneal: kidneys, lg intestine, duodenum, and pancreas.
Term
major peritoneal folds
Definition

Consist of lg folds that holds organs together and also attaches organs to the walls of the abdominal cavity.

Term
greater omentum
Definition
largest. Called the fatty apron because it drapes over the transverse colon and small intestine and is composed of adipose tissue.
Term
falciform ligament
Definition
 attaches liver to the anterior abdominal wall and to the diaphragm.
Term
lesser omentum
Definition

anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and duodenum and it suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver. Contains heptic portal vein, hepatic artery, and common vile duct.

Term
mesentery fan
Definition
fan shaped fold that binds the jejunum and ilium to the posterior abdominal wall.
Term
mesocolon
Definition
binds the transverse coln and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall
Term
organs that are considered retroperitoneal
Definition
 kidneys, lg intestine, duodenum, and pancreas.
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