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Definition
| any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. |
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| Inorganic compounds can be formally defined with reference to what they are not—organic compounds. Organic compounds contain carbon bonds in which at least one carbon atom is covalently linked to an atom of another type (commonly hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen). |
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| a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units that are joined together by dehydration sythesis |
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Definition
| is an atom or a small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer. |
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Definition
| breaking of a chemical bond by adding a water molecule |
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Definition
| a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. |
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| Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. |
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Definition
| ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral |
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Term
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Definition
Sugars and starches
contain chains of C, H, O..
Major source of cellular fuel(glucose) |
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Term
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Definition
Contain C, H, O and sometimes P
Insoluble in water
Main types:
Neutral fats or triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids |
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Term
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Definition
| long branching chains of linked monosaccharides |
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Definition
Three fatty acid chains are bound to glycerol by
dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
| Phospholipids are a class of lipids and are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. |
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Definition
interlocking four-ring structure
Cholesterol, vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts |
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Term
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Definition
| Derived from a fatty acid (arachidonic acid) in cell membranes; Prostoglandins, related to blood clotting, pressure and labor contrations. |
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Definition
| glandular excretions related to blood clotting, pressure and labor contrations. |
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Definition
Polymers of amino acids (20 types)
Joined by peptide bonds
Contain C, H, O, N, and sometimes S and P |
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Term
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Definition
The acid group of one
amino acid is bonded to
the amine group of the
next, with loss of a water
molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
Peptide
bonds linking amino
acids together are
broken when water is
added to the bond. |
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Term
| Primary structure protein |
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Definition
| The sequence of amino acids forms the polypeptide chain. |
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Term
| Secondary structure: proteins |
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Definition
| The primary chain forms spirals (-helices) and sheets (-sheets) |
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Term
| Tertiary structure: proteins |
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Definition
Superimposed on secondary structure. -Helices and/or -sheets are
folded up to form a compact globular molecule held together by
intramolecular bonds. |
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| Quaternary structure: proteins |
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Definition
Two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own tertiary structure,
combine to form a functional protein. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Shape change can disruption of active sites due to environmental changes (like decreased pH or increased temperature) |
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Definition
special type of protein; Biological catalysts
Lower the activation energy needed, increase the speed of a reaction Unchanged by the reaction |
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Definition
consist of:
Apoenzyme (protein)
Cofactor (metal ion) or coenzyme (a vitamin) |
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Definition
| a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. |
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) |
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| DNA Base pairs always bond as: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| replacement for Thymine in DNA |
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Definition
| Ribonucleic Acid; Copies and transfers the DNA blueprint into the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)energy compound manufactured in mitochondria |
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Definition
Phosphorylation:
Terminal phosphates are enzymatically transferred to and energize other molecules
These “primed” molecules perform cellular work (life processes) using the phosphate bond energy |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom or a small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer.[1]; the term "monomeric protein" may also be used to describe one of the proteins making up a multiprotein complex. |
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Definition
| "neutral fats" major source of stored energy; 3 fatty acids joined with glycerol through dehydration synthesis. |
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Definition
| An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. |
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Definition
| an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge |
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