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Ch. 9 Body Skeleton
Structure and Development of Vertebrate
18
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/29/2008

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Term
centrum
Definition
-Main part of a vertebra of tetrapods and many fishes, is the spool-like body, which is under the spinal cord, where it surrounds, restricts, or replaces the notochord.
-May have one or two elements.
Term
intercentrum
Definition
If the centrum has 2 elements (Many extinct amphibians, few amniotes), then this is what the more anterior centrum element is called.
Term
pleurocentrum
Definition
If the centrum has 2 elements (Many extinct amphibians, few amniotes), then this is what the more posterior centrum element is called.
Term
neural arch
Definition
Pillars that flank the spinal cord, extend dorsally from the centrum, one on each side of spinal cord, join above to complete the neural arch.
Term
neural spine
Definition
-May extend the summit (the top) of the neural arch.
-related to muscles that move the axial skeleton.
Term
hemal arch
Definition
extends ventrally from the centrum to surround blood vessels.
Term
hemal spine
Definition
In the tail, the hemal arch may be continued by a ...
Term
transverse process
Definition
any lateral process.
Term
zygapophyses =(joining + processes)
Definition
Processes carried by the neural arches
Term
prezygapophyses
Definition
-on the anterior aspect of one vertebra articulate with the postzygapophyses on the posterior aspect of its neighbor.
-face upward or inward
Term
postzygapophyses
Definition
-on the posterior aspect of ne vertebra articulate with the prezygapophyses on the anterior aspect of its neighbor.
-face downward or outward
Term
xenarhrous
Definition
nearly all vertebrae of snakes, and posterior trunk vertebrae of armadillos and sloths, because they are stiffened by having a doubling of zygapophyses.
Term
amphicoelous (=on both sides + hollow)
Definition
if each surface of the centrum is concave
-only touch at the periphery of the IV joint
-limited motion in any direction.
-w/i joint is a spaces filled by CT, cartilage, or remnants of the notochord.
Term
procoelous =(front + hollow)
Definition
Centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly.
--joints btw opisthocoelous or procoelous verebrae allow motion in any direction and they resist dislocation.
-The bulge of one vertebra fitting into the hollow of the next.
Term
opisthocoelous (=behind + hollow)
Definition
A centrum that is concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly.
--joints btw opisthocoelous or procoelous verebrae allow motion in any direction and they resist dislocation.
Term
platyan (or acoelous)
Definition
centra with flat ends
-withstand compression
-limit motion (unless IV joints are provided w/ thick fibrous discs)
Term
heterocoelous (= different + hollow)
Definition
centra with saddle-shaped ends.
-allow vertical and lateral flexion but
-prevent rotation around the axis of the spine
Term
perichordal tube
Definition
cells move adjacent to the notochord to form a continous tube
-direct ossifications in the tube form centra, which become separated when breaks appear in cartilaginous parts of the tube.
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