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Ch. 7-8 Review
na
93
History
11th Grade
11/15/2012

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Term
Well organized political parties that dominated local and state governments in the late 1800s
Definition
Political Machines
Term
leaders of political machines
Definition
political bosses
Term
He financed expanded sewer and water systems, paved streets, and provided other public services
Definition
Alexander Shepherd
Term
He gained considerable political support by providing jobs and special services to his African America, Irish American, and Italian American constituents in Kansas City, MO
Definition
Jams Pendergast
Term
The acquisition of money or political power through illegal or dishonest methods
Definition
graft
Term
Payments of part of the earnings from a job or contract (RR were the worse)
Definition
Kickbacks
Term
His bold admission of his own graft offers a clue to the extent of corruption in Tammany Hall
Definition
George Washington Plunkitt
Term
He had considerable control over Tammany Hall and was arrested due to political cartoons
Definition
William Tweed
Term
He published political cartoons which influenced public opinion
Definition
Thomas Nast
Term
this described the corruption and greed that lurked below the surface of society
Definition
Gilded Age
Term
This group of Republicans strongly opposed civil service reform
Definition
stalwarts
Term
Republican Party's presidential candidate who was assassinated after 4 months in office
Definition
James Garfield
Term
The vice presidential candidate who was assassinated after 4 months in office
Definition
James Garfield
Term
The vice presidential nominee that was a Stalwart under Garfield
Definition
Chester Arthur
Term
This established the Cvil Service commission to administer competitive examinations to those people seeking government jobs
Definition
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Term
This group supported the Democratic Candidate, Grover Cleveland
Definition
Mugwumps
Term
Democratic Candidate, gained national attention when he opposed Tammany Hall while governor of New York said he had an illegitimate child
Definition
Grover Cleveland
Term
This resident had the Billion Dollar Congress
Definition
Benjamin Harrison
Term
Social organization which increased farmer's financial problems
Definition
National Grange
Term
This prohibited railroads from giving secret rebates, or refunds, to large shippers or charging more for short hauls than for long hauls over the same line
Definition
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Term
This taxed higher incomes at a higher rate
Definition
Graduated Income Tax
Term
She traveled the country urging people to take action, supported the Populist Party
Definition
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Term
This make each dollar equal to and redeemable for a set amount of gold
Definition
Gold Standard
Term
Federal law that required the government to buy and mint silver each month in 1878
Definition
Bland-Allison Act
Term
Federal law that required the government to buy and mint silver each month in 1890
Definition
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Term
National party that formed in 1892 that supported a graduate income tax, bank regulation, government ownership of some companies, restrictions on immigration, shorter workdays, and voting reform
Definition
Populist Party
Term
The populists nominated him to run in the 1892 presidential elections against Republican incumbent Benjamin Harrison and Democrat Grover Cleveland
Definition
James Weaver
Term
The republicans chose him as their presidential candidate and adopted a conservative platform upholding the gold standard
Definition
William McKinley
Term
Silver supporter who gave the Cross of Gold Speech
Definition
William Jennings Bryan
Term
Describe the political machines. How did they work with the immigrants?
Definition
got members of popular political parties into office; led by James Pendergast

Provided jobs for immigrants and US citizens
Term
Who was the boss of Tammany Hall?
Definition
William Tweed
Term
Where did the workers of Tammany Hall set up to receive the most voters?
Definition
newspapers/political cartoons
Term
Who was the boss of Kansas City, MO?
Definition
James Pendergast
Term
Why did the Irish gain jobs in police, fire, and service work?
Definition
They spoke English, and no one wanted those jobs
Term
How was Tweed caught and where did he try to escape to?
Definition
escaped to Spain where he was recognized by a cartoon that Nast had drawn
Term
Descrive Grant's campaign to be president
Definition
used the "war hero" effect;4 star general during civil war; led major Victories in Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and Appomattox
Term
Describe Black Friday Scandal
Definition
Black Friday Scandal-1869
aka-gold panic
Jay Gould and James Fisk befriended Abel Corbin, Gratns brother in law
tried to convince Grant not to sell gold
Grant sold $4 million of governments gold
many wall street investors financially ruined
Term
Crédit Mobilier Scandal
Definition
1872
occured in1868, wasn't uncovered until 1872
directors of pacific railraod formed crédit mobile, a construction company owner of UPR sold and gave shares of crédit mobiler to congress members for awarding fedreal land grants to railroads
lack of attention from fed. government
vp schuyler cofax involved in scandal
heavy damage to grants administration
Term
Whiskey Ring
Definition
whiskey distillers bribed Treasury Department
officials lowered tax rates on distillers
exposed by Benjamin Bristow
152 liquor workers and 86 government officials indicted
Term
Why did the public begin supporting civil service reform?
Definition
June 1877: issues an executive order forbidding federal employees from participating in political campaigns
Term
Why was the era known as the Gilded Age?
Definition
saw politics as the base material that hides beneath the glittering gold surface of a glided object
Term
Who coined the name Gilded Age?
Definition
term coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
Term
Describe the election of 1876
Definition
Hayes elected
republican party splits int stalwarts vs half breeds
Term
Who was the leader of the Stalwarts
Definition
Conkling
Term
What did the Stalwarts support?
Definition
strongly opposed civil service reform
Term
Who was the leader of the half breeds?
Definition
James G. Blaine of Maine
Term
What did the Half Breeds support?
Definition
reforms and a merit based system
Term
Who assassinated Garfield and why?
Definition
Charles Guiteau

mentally unstable
unsuccessfully sought a gov't job
stalked the president

thought he was commanded by God to kill Garfield
Term
Who became president after Garfield? How did he change his party politics?
Definition
Arthur
many reforms changed politics--pendleton civil service act of 1883
Term
What was the mudslinging campaign about in the 1884 election?
Definition
Cleveland vs Arthur
scandal surrounds Cleveland over wedlock child
Term
Who were the candidates in the 1888 election?
Definition
Harrison vs Cleveland
Term
Who won the 1888 election?
Definition
Harrison
Term
What was the name of his congress?
Definition
Billion Dollar Congress
Term
What is Harrison's administration known for?
Definition
*************
Term
List the four tragedies of the farmers
Definition
rise in population, more crops=less $$$
RR increased rates for farmers on grain storage
AM gets put on gold standard in 1990
william jennings bryan loses pres to McKinley
Term
What is another name for the Populist Party?
Definition
"The Grange"
Term
List the 8 issues on the Populist Party Platform
Definition
Silver Standard
8 Hour Workday
Direct election of senators
gov't ownerships of banks, RR, and telegraph
graduated income tax
immigration restrictions
1 term limit on president
Term
Which issues were adopted and passed as laws?
Definition
all but 1 term limit on president and immigration restrictions
Term
Who was the first candidate to run for president for the Populist Party?
Definition
William Jennings Bryan
Term
Why is Bryan's "cross of gold" speech so famous?
Definition
he was able to speak loudly but he didn't have much effect
Term
Describe the old immigrants
Definition
group of 10 million immigrants from 1800-1880
Term
Describe the new immigrants
Definition
group of 12 million immigrants from 1891-1919, mostly from southern and eastern europe
Term
Why did the immigrants come to America?
Definition
better conditions
job opportunities
Term
Describe Ellis Island
Definition
New York
opened in 1892
mostly european immigrants
subjected to physical exams upon arrival
those who were passed questioned by inspectors
Term
How many acres was Ellis Island
Definition
3 acres
Term
Who made money off the immigrants?
Definition
The guards through bribes
Term
Why did agents mark their clothes with chalk?
Definition
to mark if they had any sicknesses
Term
Who was the first immigrant that came through Ellis Island?
Definition
Annie Moore from Ireland
Term
What was the nativist response?
Definition
they did not like new immigrants; took all jobs; saw immigrants as a threat; too diferent to fit into AM society; blamed for social problems
Term
Where did the Asian immigrants enter AM?
Definition
Angel Island
Term
Describe the slum conditions
Definition
close knit, families lived in one room apartments
Term
Describe the issues/social problems that came with the influx of immigrants
Definition
impoverished conditions in homeland
crowded cities
low paying jobs
poor housing
Term
Who invented the elevator and how did it change city life?
Definition
Elisha Otis; came along with skyscrapers to make life easier
Term
Describe the social gospel
Definition
idea called for people to bring Christian ideas to social problems
Term
How did Dewey change the school curriculum?
Definition
added history and science to curriculum
Term
Why did print media become the number one source of info?
Definition
newspaper just reported the facts
Term
Which 2 newspapers battled back and forth?
Definition
New York Journal vs The World
Term
Who were the two publishers for the newspapers battled back and forth?
Definition
NY Journal-Harst
The World-Pulitzer
Term
What is yellow journalism?
Definition
stories that are exaggerated
Term
Why was Central Park so important and what movement did it start?
Definition
made people pick up after themselves and made things happier; started beautiful movement
Term
Who designed Central Park?
Definition
Olmstead
Term
What 2 activities became popular in th sparks?
Definition
bicycling and baseball
Term
Describe the beginning of baseball
Definition
began from British game of rounders
organized into neighborhood team
popularity spread after civil war
blacks not allowed to play
Term
What was the name of the first pro baseball team?
Definition
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Term
Which 2 baseball teams played in the 1903 World Series?
Definition
red socks vs pirates
Term
Where and who started football?
Definition
Walter Camp; began in New England on a college campus
Term
Who invented basketball?
Definition
James Nai Smith
Term
What sport was one of the first to accept women?
Definition
basketball
Term
Describe entertainment at this time
Definition
Extremely wealthy-theaters
Edwin Booth most famous; $125 per ticket to watch him
Term
Describe vaudeville
Definition
poor mans theater
5 cents to see show
Term
Who is the King of Ragtime?
Definition
Scott Joplin
Term
What are the 2 names of Joplin's hit song?
Definition
the entertainer
maple leaf rag
Term
Ragtime began which three dances?
Definition
cake walk
turkey trot
grizzly bear
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