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Ch, 6: The Skeletal System
N/A
55
Anatomy
Not Applicable
06/28/2013

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Cards

Term
Functions of the Skeletal System
Definition

Support

Protection

Movement

Storage

Hemopoiesis(blood cell formation)

Term
Types of Bones
Definition

Long

Short

Flat

irregular

Term
Long Bone
Definition
a bone with greater length than width
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
bone shaft or body
Term
epiphyses
Definition
proximal and distal ends of the long bone(red marrow)
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
thin layering of cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation(joint) with another bone
Term
periosteum
Definition
strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone except at joint surfaces
Term
endosteum
Definition
a fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
hollow area inside the diaphysis, contains soft yellow bone marrow
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
process of blood cell formation
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones
Term
4 types of bone tissue cells
Definition

osteogenic

osteoblast

osteocyte

osteoclast

Term
dense/compact bone
Definition
bone with an outer layer that is hard and dense
Term
porous bone
Definition
in the ends(spongy bone) contains many spaces that have marrow
Term
trabeculae
Definition
needle-like threads of spongy bone that surrounds a network of spaces
Term

osteon

(Also called Haversian System)

Definition
structural unit of bone tissue made up of cocentric layers(lamella) of hard bone matrix and bone cells
Term
osteocytes
Definition
living bone cells
Term
canaliculi
Definition

an extremely narrow tubular passageway or channel in compact bone

(connect lacunae with one another)

Term
femur
Definition

The thigh bone

(longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body)

Term
Short Bone
Definition
bones that are as long as they are wide and somewhat box shaped, such as wrist bone
Term
2 divisions of the skeleton
Definition

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Term
What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?
Definition

skull

spine

thorax

Term
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of ?
Definition

upper extremeties

lower extremeties

Term
Differences between a mans skeleton and a womans skeleton
Definition

size

shape of pelvis

shape of pelvic inlet

pubic angle

Term
fissure
Definition
a grove or depression in a bone, a sulcus
Term
Types of Synovial Joints(freely moveable)
Definition

ball and socket

hinge

pivot

saddle

gliding

condyloid

Term
flexion
Definition
bending a joint
Term
extension
Definition
straightening a joint
Term
Kinds of Joints
Definition

synarthrosis

amphiarthrosis

diarthrosis

Term
amphiarthrosis
Definition
slightly moveable joint, connects articulating bones
Term
synarthrosis
Definition
joint which fibrous tissue joins bones and holds them together tightly, commonly called sutures
Term
diarthrosis
Definition
freely moveable joint, also known as synovial joint
Term
joint cavity
Definition
space between the bones, synovial fluid
Term
ligaments
Definition
bands of fibrous connective tissue
Term
joint capsule
Definition

made of bodys strongest and toughest material

 

fits over ends of 2 bones like a sleeve

Term
articular cartilage
Definition
smooth layer of gristle, absorbs joints
Term
bursae
Definition
small sacs of synovial fluid, areas of stress
Term
articulation
Definition
joint
Term
concentric lamella
Definition
ring of calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canal
Term
contractility
Definition
ability to contract a muscle
Term
cranium
Definition
bony vault made up of the 8 bones that encase the brain
Term
endochrondral ossification
Definition
process in which most bones are formed from cartilage models
Term
fontanels
Definition
"soft spots" on the infants head, unossified areas in the infant skull
Term
lacunae(lacuna)
Definition
space of cavity
Term
osteoblast
Definition
bone-forming cell
Term
osteoclast
Definition
bone-absorbing cell
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
bone disease in which there is an excessive loss of calcified matrix and callagenous fibers from bone
Term
pectoral girdle
Definition
shoulder girdle, the scapula and clavicle
Term
pelvic girdle
Definition
connects legs to trunk, hip bones
Term
sinus
Definition
a space of cavity inside some of the cranial bones
Term
sternoclavicular joint
Definition
the direct point of attachment between the bones of the upper extremity and the axial skeleton
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
Term
thorax
Definition
chest
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
fatty tissue found inside the medullary cavity of a long bone
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