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Ch. 6 Muscular System
Function & Structure of the Body
37
Anatomy
11th Grade
10/24/2007

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Term
abduction
Definition
moving away from the midline of the body; opposit of adduction.
Term
actin
Definition

contractile protein found in the thin myofilamnets of sketal muscle

Term
adduction
Definition
moving toward the midline of the body, opposite motion of abduction
Term
all or none
Definition
when stimulated a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all; whether a contraction occurs depends on whether the stimulus reaches the required threshold.
Term
antagonist
Definition
having opposite actions
Term
atrophy
Definition
wasting way of tissue; decrease in size of a part, sometimes referred t0 as disuse atophy
Term
fatigue
Definition

loss of muscle power; weakness

Term
flexion
Definition
act of bending decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increased size of a part caused by an increase in the size of the cells
Term
hypothermia
Definition
subnormal core body temp. below 37C
Term
insertion
Definition
attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves when contractions occurs
Term
isometric
Definition
type of muscle contractions in which muscle does not shorten
Term
motor neutron
Definition
transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal chord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues.
Term
motor unit
Definition
a single motor neuron with muscle cells it innervates
Term
myofliaments
Definition
ultramicroscopic thread-like structures found in myofibrils
Term
myosin
Definition
contractile protein found in the thick filaments of sketal muscle
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition
the point of contract between the nerve endings and muscle fibers
Term
origin
Definition
the attachment of a muscle to the bone that does not move when contraction occurs , as distungished from insertion
Term
oxygen debt
Definition
continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove  excess latic acid that resulted from excerise
Term
paralysis
Definition
loss of power of motion, especially voluntary motion
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
the bottom of the foot is directed downward; this motion allows a person to stand on his or her tip toes
Term
posture
Definition
position of the body
Term
prime mover
Definition
the muscle responsible for producing a particular movement
Term
pronate
Definition
to turn the palm dowmward
Term
rotation
Definition
movement around a longitudinal axis
Term
sacromere
Definition
contractile unit of muscle; length of a myofibril between to Z bands
Term
stimulus
Definition
agent that causes a change in the activity of a structure
Term
supinate
Definition
to turn the palm of the hand upward; opposite of pronate
Term
synergist
Definition
muscle that assists a prime mover
Term
tendons
Definition
bands or chords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure.
Term
tenosynovitis
Definition
inflammation of a tendon shaft
Term
tetanic contraction
Definition
sustained contraction
Term
tonic contraction
Definition
special type of sketal muscle contraction used to maintain posture
Term
sliding filament theory
Definition
sketal muscle contracts
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