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ch3 cells
active and passive transport, osmosis
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/10/2011

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Term
cell
Definition
basic unit of life
Term
cytology
Definition
study of structure and function of cells; studied with light and electron microscopes
Term
hydophilic
Definition
water loving
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
water fearing
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
cell membrane made of double layer of molecules with hydrophilic glycerol head and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails
Term
microvilli
Definition
short cell membrane extensions
Term
cilia
Definition

 

hair-like projections for movement of surrounding fluids 
(line respiratory tract, fallopian tubes)
Term
flagellum
Definition

whiplike extension of cell membrance

(eg sperm)

Term
cytoplasm
Definition

 

contents inside cell membrane but outside nuclear membrane; includes all organelles (little organs) and cytosol (fluid)

Term
impermeable
Definition
nothing crosses cell membrane
Term
freely permeable
Definition
anything can cross the cell membrane
Term
semi-permeable
Definition

 

passage to some, but not all
Ability to cross cell membrane based on size, shape, electrical charge, water solubility
Term
extracellular fluid
Definition
fluid outside the cell
Term
intracellular fluid
Definition
fluid inside the cell
Term
passive transport
Definition

 

no energy expended by cell to move molecules
Term
active transport
Definition
requires cell to expend energy to move molecules
Term
types of passive transport
Definition

 

Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Facilitated diffusion
Term
types of active transport
Definition

- endocytosis

- exocytosis

Term
diffusion
Definition

 

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration (concentration gradient); solutes eventually uniformly distributed and concentration gradient eliminated
Term
osmosis
Definition

Diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane (permeable to water, but not dissolved materials (solutes)); water flows toward side with solutes in attempt to bring two sides into equilibrium

Term
osmotic pressure
Definition

 

Force needed to stop flow of water by osmosis to one side
Term
filtration
Definition

 

Mechanical force pushes water/some solutes across membrane (capillaries à tissues)
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition

 

Carrier proteins carry big molecules from higher to lower concentration (with concentration gradient)
 (glucose à cell)
Term
exocytosis
Definition

 

form of active transport where vesicle inside cell fuses with cell membrane and discharges contents outside cell
Term
endocytosis
Definition
form of active transport where materials outside cell (extracellular) move into vesicle at cell wall for import
Term
phagocytosis
Definition

type of endocytosis where cytoplasmic extensions (pseudopodia or false foot) enclose object in vesicle and vesicle fuses with lysosome for digestive enzymes

Term
isotonic solution
Definition

 

solution in equilibrium, no net flow of water in any direction
(saline solution)
Term
hypotonic solution
Definition

solution less concentrated than intracellular fluid;

water flows into cell, swelling, membrane may rupture (lyse)

Term
hypertonic solution
Definition

 

solution more concentrated than intracellular fluid;
water leaves cell, cell shrivels and dehydrates (crenation)
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