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| A policy of aggressive military preparedness, in particular the large armies based on mass conscription and complex, inflexible plans for mobilization had most european nations before ww1 |
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| kaiser wilhelmII of germany's unconditional promise to defend austria hungary of russia attacked it while austria was invading serbia. made after assassination of FF |
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| Scored major victories in the middle east to weaken the turks, british leader in the middle east |
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| warfare in which all of a nations resources including civilians at home as well as soldiers in the field are mobilized for war effort |
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| the process of converting a business or industry from private ownership to govt control and ownership |
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| German generals who defeated invading Russian forces, were the chieves of staff, came to controll govt (military dictators) |
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| Created a dictatorship in France during the war took control and effectively governed the army and est. clear control of the army and total war |
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| Irish Republican govt occupies government buildings in Dublin, rebellion crushed by british forces and military leaders put down |
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| Overthrew the czar and instituted provisional govt, started by the Petrogad bread riots, soldiers fired upon govt, Duma responded by demanding a provisional govt |
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| responsible for the est. of a provisional govt during the Rus. Rev. middle class liberal aristocratic minority w/ republican ideals |
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| Bolshevik revolutionary who seized power in 1917 and declared Russia to be at peace, nationalization of banks/landed estates, power to soviets, and land to peasants |
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| Lenin rejected all cooperation with the bourgeoise provisional govt, called for a socialist revolution and est. of a soviet republic |
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| Women rallied for bread, workers and soldiers joined in, led to Bolshevik rev. |
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| Stripped officers of authority and placed power in the hands of elected common soldiers, yet fear of liability for treason led to anarchy in russia |
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| overthrew the russian provisional govt and gave power to the local soviets, led to civil war, resulted in a communist dictatorship |
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| Russian minister of war who led the provisional govt after the tsar's abdication, impliments liberal program (rights to workers and ppl) rejected social revolution |
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| Military coup by Kornilov against Kerensky failed and kerensky lost all credit with army |
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| Runs the revolution and leads communists to victory, leader of the red army, instituted war for communism |
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| Signed by Lenin in 1918 to take Russia out of the war, major loss of territory and population |
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| Communist army led by Trotsky, overthrew the prov. govt., well organized and supplied, beat the white army by 1921 |
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| Officers of old army and 18 diff groups saying to be the real govt of Russia and had no proper leader, aided by allied troops |
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| Lenin's policy of nationalizing industrial and other facilities and requisitioning the peasants produce during the civil war of russia, mobilization of homefront for civil war |
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| Secret police that initiated the red terror where they destructed all opponents of the new regime, esp. aimed at bourgeoise, executed thousands. caused fear |
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| Ottoman govt retaliated against armanian rebellion, expelled women and children, 1 mil killed or deported, many killed by marching through desert |
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| Radical, leftwing socialists that formed the german communist party, part of the revolutionary socialist republic |
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| the doctrine that the people of a givern territory of particular nationality should have the right to determine their own govt/political future |
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| included mandates and the war guilt clause, germany forced to pay reparations and reduce the army/navy |
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| for former colonies and territories of the central powers, system where a nation administered a territory, mandated on behalf of the league of nations |
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| , american president during ww1, neutrality, entered war due to sub. warfare and zim. note |
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| wilsons steps to ending the war like basic steps to end hostilities such as german evacuation as well as a long range vision to prevent future conflict (end tarriffs, est. league of nations) |
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| allied troops defend paris from germans, germans defeated |
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| German victory over russians, eastern front |
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| Allied powers launch offensive along somme river, against germans, many dead, small advances |
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| Germany attacks french town verdun, which guarded paris, ende din stalemate, first use of poison gas, deadliest & longest battle |
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| Britain vs. turks, brits defeated |
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| British troops advance on germany, first use of chlorine gas, arrival of US troops hastened defeat of germans, last battles of war |
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