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Ch23 respiratory system #1
Concepts beginning to air flows from larynx to trachea
143
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2012

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Cards

Term
Five Functions of the Respiratory System
Definition
1.Provides extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood
2.Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3.Protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment
4.Produces sounds
5. olfactory sense
Term
The respiratory system is divided into (2)
Definition
upper & lower
Term
upper respiratory system is located
Definition
above the larynx
Term
upper respiratory system overall fcn (3)
Definition
Filters, warms, and humidifies the air
Term
upper respiratory system concists of (4)
Definition
paranasal sinuses,

nose (internal & external nares)

nasal cavity (nasal conchae)



pharynx
Term
name the 3 bones of nasal conchae
Definition
superior
medial
inferior
Term
the air is warmed by (3)
Definition

meatuses in btwn nasal concha

body temp

blood vessles

Term
when air is pushed out it is
Definition
dehumidifed
Term
lower respiratory system is located
Definition
below the larynx
Term
lower respiratory system conicists of (4)(in order)
Definition
larynx,
trachea,
bronchi,
alveoli
Term
the conducting portion of the respiratory system concisists of
Definition
nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
Term
conducting portion of the respiratory system fcn
Definition
to condition the air to be recieved by the lower respiratory system
Term
respiratory portion of respiratory system concisits of (2)
Definition
respiratory bronchioles through alveoli
Term
respiratory portion of respiratory system overall fcn (1)
Definition
gas exchange
Term
Alveoli def
Definition
Are air-filled pockets within the lungs
Term
Alveoli fcn(1)
Definition
Where all gas exchange takes place
Term
t or f the larynx is part of the conducting portion if respiratory system
Definition

true

 

 

(recall the conducting portion is:

nasal cavity- terminal bronchioles)

Term
The Respiratory Mucosa consists of (2)
Definition
Consists of: 1. epithelial layer 2. lamina propria *remember mucosa is 1st layer
Term
lamina propia def
Definition
An underlying areolar layer in the mucosa layer of respiratory structures
Term
lamina propia fcn
Definition

Lines the conducting portion of respiratory system

 

(in all structures of the respiratory system the lamina will contain structures that aid in the fcn of that particular structure

 

e.g. bronchioles: smooth muscle

nasal cavity: blood vessels (to warm air)

Term
the lamina propia of the trachea, & bronchi &larger bronchioles contain (1) these structures are part of the upper/lower respirtatory system
Definition

mucous glands that secrete onto epithelial surface

 

lower= need mucous to trap debri early

Term
In the  of lower respiratory system the lamina propia contains
Definition
bronchiolar smooth muscle cells that encircle lumen of bronchioles
Term
contraction of bronchiolar smooth muscle cells cause
Definition
increase in airway resistance
Term
Alveolar epithelium is made of
Definition
simple squamous
Term
How does the form of the aveoli relate to its fcn? (2)
Definition
Simple squamous epithelum Alveoli walls must be very thin needs max surface area to rapidly diffuse oxygen
Term
The Respiratory Epithelium of the Nasal Cavity and Conducting System contain what special feature? (1)
Definition
cilia The movement of these cilia propels mucus across the epithelial surface.
Term
cilia fcn (1)
Definition
The movement of these cilia propels mucus across the epithelial surface.
Term
the nasal cavity & the superior portion of the pharynx is made up of (1)? and contains ___________(1)
Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium numerous mucous cells
Term
Inferior portions of the pharynx is made up of(1)
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium
Term
Superior portion of the UPPER respiratory system is made up of (1)
Definition

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

 

(aka the nasal cavity & nasopharynx)

Term
the Smaller bronchioles are made up of? (1)
Definition
Cuboidal epithelium with scattered cilia
Term
the respiratory defense system fcns
& add what structure do these fcns
Definition
filters air(nose hairs)
remove debri & pathogens (cilia and mucous)
help warm the air (blood vessels)
Term
if pathogens bypass the respiratory defense system then how can they be destroyed?
Definition
macrophages
Term
mucous is secreted by?
Definition
goblet cells
Term
how does the nose respond to noxious stimuli, allergens, debris, and pathogens?
Definition
increased mucous production
Term
what disease affects 1:2400 people?
Definition
cystic fibrosis
Term
cystic fibrosis usually affects people of _________decscent
Definition
Northern European descent
Term
cystic fibrosis is caused by (2)
Definition
TOO MUCH MUCOUS=
Abnormal chloride transporter causes NaCl to build up in secretory passages like the bronchi

Produces thick secretions that makes breathing difficult

DNA from dying cells also makes it thicker

*DNA looks like snot
Term
cystic fibrosis is treated by (1)
Definition
inspiration of aerosols with DNAse

(inhale things that can lyse DNA)
Term
The warm, moist environment of the lungs is ideal (bad)
Definition
reproduction of bacteria
Term
Tuberculosis def
Definition
infection by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis
Term
Air enters the nose through openings called
Definition
external nares (aka the nostrils)
Term
after air enters the external nares it goes to the
Definition
nasal vestibule
Term
nasal vestibule def
Definition
portion of nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nares
Term
what Are the first particles filtration system? (1)
Definition
nasal hairs
Term
nasal hairs are located (1)
Definition
nasal vestiubule
Term
the nasal cavity is divided into the L &R by the (1)
Definition
nasal septum
Term
Superior portion of nasal cavity is the (1)
Definition
olfactory region
Term
olfactory region fcn (1)
Definition
sense of smell
Term
fcns of the nasal cavity (2)
Definition
filtering, warming, and humidifying the air

help w/ speech

smell
Term
Mucous secretions from paranasal sinus and tears fcn (1)
Definition
Clean and moisten the nasal cavity
Term
The Paranasal sinuses def
Definition
Air-filled cavities
Term
Paranasal sinuses are located (4)
Definition
•Frontal bone over the eyebrows
•Sphenoid bone below the pituitary (brain)
•Ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity
•Maxillary bones within the cheeks
Term
the Paranasal sinuses located in Maxillary bones (cheekbones) fcn (1)
Definition
allow Room for teeth development without adding weight to skull
Term
overall the paranasal sinuses fcn (1)
Definition
reduce the weight of the skull
Term
why might you think u have a toothache when you actually might be having facial pain?
Definition
sinus nerves from upper teeth pass are really close to maxillary (cheek) sinus
Term
Air Flows From the nasal vestibule to _________ (1)through ___________(3)
Definition
internal nares,

superior, middle, and inferior meatuses
Term
what are meatuses
Definition
are constricted passageways that produce air turbulence that are located btwn the nasal conchae
Term
meatuses fcns (2)
Definition
•Warm and humidify incoming air by produicng turbulence
•Trap particles
Term
The Palates include (2)
Definition
hard & soft
Term
the hard palate forms
Definition
floor of nasal cavity

aka the hard palate is the roof of your mouth
Term
the hard palate seperates
Definition
nasal and oral cavities
Term
the soft palate is located relative to the hard palate?
Definition
posterior to the hard palate
Term
the soft palate divides
Definition
superior nasopharynx from lower pharynx regions
Term
Nasal cavity opens into nasopharynx through (1)
Definition
internal nares
Term
Nasal Mucosa fcn (1)
Definition
Warms and humidifies inhaled air for arrival at lower respiratory organs

dehumidifies/cools incoming/outgoing air
Term
why is nose breathing better than mouth breathing?
Definition
mouth breathing does not air to be warmed and humidfied by nasal mucosa
Term
Physical damage to the lamina propria can result in
Definition
epistaxis
Term
epistaxis aka
Definition
nosebleeds
Term
the 3 bumps that warm the air are the
Definition
superior,medial,inferior nasal concha
Term
what respiratory structure is shared by respiratory & digestive systems
Definition
the pharynx
Term
what substances flow through pharynx? (3)
Definition
Solids,
liquids
gases pass through

recall oropharynx: food and water
Term
the pharynx extends from _____ to _____
Definition
from:
internal nares
to:
entrances to larynx & esophagus
Term
the pharynx aka
Definition
the throat
Term
the trachea aka
Definition
windpipe
Term
the larynx aka
Definition
voice box
Term
3 divisions of the pharynx
Definition
nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx
Term
which division of the pharynx Receives both air and food?
Definition
oropharynx
Term
the nasopharynx is made up what kind of epithelium?
Definition
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
Term
Superior portion of pharynx
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
nasopharynx concists of (2)
Definition
pharyngeal tonsils

openings to L and R auditory tubes
Term
Middle portion of pharynx is
Definition
oropharynx
Term
the oropharynx is lined by (1)
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
the oropharynx contains (1)
Definition
palatine tonsils
Term
the oropharynx communicates with
Definition
oral cavity
Term
Inferior portion of pharynx
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
laryngopharynx extends from
Definition
hyoid bone to entrance of larynx and esophagus
Term
Air Flows From the pharynx & enters the
Definition
larynx
Term
larynx def
Definition
A structure made up of 9 cartilages that surrounds the surround the glottis
Term
glottis def (2)
Definition
entrance of the laryx

larynx surrounds the glottis
Term
the 3 large, unpaired cartilages of the larynx are
Definition
1.Thyroid cartilage
2.Cricoid cartilage
3.Epiglottis
Term
The largest cartilage of the larynx
Definition
thyroid cartilage
Term
thyroid cartilage is made up of
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
thyroid cartilage forms the ____ &______ of the laryx
Definition
anterior and lateral walls
Term
thyroid cartilage fcn (1)
Definition
Supports & protects the entrance to the trachea (glottis)
Term
the laryngopharynx is composed of ______ epithelium
Definition
stratified squamous
Term
the thyroid cartilage fcn (1)
Definition
Supports & protects the entrance to the larynx (glottis)
Term
the entrance to the larynx is
Definition
the glottis
Term
the anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage is called
Definition
laryngeal prominence
Term
laryngeal prominence aka
Definition
adam's apple

*both women and men (bigger) have them
Term
fcn of cricothyroid ligament (1)
Definition
Attaches thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage
Term
name the ring shaped hyaline cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage?
Definition
cricoid cartilage
Term
thyroid,cricoid,epiglottis

paired or unpaired?
Definition
unpaired
Term

cricoid cartilage forms the ____

wall of the larynx

Definition
posterior 
Term
cricoid cartilage fcn (1)
Definition
supports and protects the glottis
Term
below the cricoid cartilage is the (1)
Definition
first tracheal cartilage
Term
the ________border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with(1);
Definition
superior border of cricoid cartilage articulates with the arytenoid cartilages
Term
arytenoid cartilages

paired or unpaired
Definition
paired
Term
what structure stretch btwn the arytenoid cartilages
Definition
vocal cords
Term
epiglottis def
Definition

The elastic cartilage that covers the glottis (entrace to trachea from larynx )

during swallowing

Term
epiglottis fcn (1)
Definition
to prevent entry of food & water into the respiratory tract (trachea)
Term

during swallowing

larynx is (1)

epiglottis is (2)

Definition

1.the larynx is elevated &

2.the epiglottis is depressed & folds over the glottis

Term
ligaments of the cricoid cartilage attatch to (1)
Definition
first tracheal cartilage
Term
ligaments of the epiglottis attatch to (2)
Definition
thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone
Term
An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as ________
Definition
acute epiglottis
Term
the 3 smaller Larynx Cartilages are made of
Definition
hylaine cartilage
Term
the 3 smaller Larynx Cartilages are paired or unpaired
Definition
paired
Term
name the smaller larynx cartilages (3)
Definition
1. arytenoid

2. corniculate

3. cuneiform cartilages

A.C.C.
Term
the arytenoid cartilages Can be made to rotate or pivot by muscles in order to
Definition
alter the tension of the vocal cords
Term
Corniculate cartilages work with ____(1) in order to _____ (2)
Definition
the arytenoid, opens & closes the glottis to produce sound
Term
Cricothyroid ligament is cut for a
Definition
tracheostomy (if airway is blocked)
Term
tracheostomy aka
Definition
Cricothyroidotomy
Term
Ligaments of the Larynx include (2)
Definition
Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments
Term
Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments
Extend between (2)
Definition
thyroid cartilage & arytenoid cartilages
Term
Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments are covered by (1)
Definition
by folds of laryngeal epithelium that project into glottis
Term
The Vestibular Ligaments
Lie within (1)
Definition
vestibular folds
Term
vestibular folds fcn
Definition
protect delicate vocal cords/folds of the larynx
Term
vestibular folds aka
Definition
false vocal cords
Term
Vocal folds def
Definition
pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production
Term
how is Sound Produced ?(3)
Definition

1.Air passed through glottis

2.Vibrates vocal folds 

3.produces sound waves

Term
Sound is varied by (1)
Definition
Tension on vocal folds
Term
Tension of vocal folds depends on (2)
Definition
1.the movement of the arytenoid cartilages
2.contraction of laryngeal muscles
Term
vocal folds involved in sound production are called?
Definition
vocal cords
Term
Increased tension = ? (1)
Definition
higher pitched sound
Term
Speech is produced by (1)
Definition

phonation

 

(give term)

Term
phonation def
Definition
Sound production at the larynx by air passing through the glottis and vibrating the vocal folds
Term
the vestibular folds are (above/below) vocal folds
Definition
above
Term
Articulation def
Definition
Modification of sound by other structures
Term
The larynx is associated with what muscles (2)
Definition

1.Muscles of neck and pharynx

 

2.intrinsic laryngeal muscles

(affect tension on vocal cords

relax & contract glottis

 

)

Term
intrinsic laryngeal muscles fcn (2)
Definition
Control vocal folds
relax & contract glottis
Term
intrinsic laryngeal muscles relax
Definition
glottis opens
Term
intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract
Definition
glottis closes
Term
air flows from larynx to
Definition
trachea
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