Term
| Five Functions of the Respiratory System |
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Definition
1.Provides extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood
2.Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3.Protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment
4.Produces sounds
5. olfactory sense |
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Term
| The respiratory system is divided into (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| upper respiratory system is located |
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Definition
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Term
| upper respiratory system overall fcn (3) |
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Definition
| Filters, warms, and humidifies the air |
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Term
| upper respiratory system concists of (4) |
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Definition
paranasal sinuses,
nose (internal & external nares)
nasal cavity (nasal conchae)
pharynx |
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Term
| name the 3 bones of nasal conchae |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
meatuses in btwn nasal concha
body temp
blood vessles |
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Term
| when air is pushed out it is |
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Definition
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Term
| lower respiratory system is located |
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Definition
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Term
| lower respiratory system conicists of (4)(in order) |
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Definition
larynx,
trachea,
bronchi,
alveoli |
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Term
| the conducting portion of the respiratory system concisists of |
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Definition
| nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| conducting portion of the respiratory system fcn |
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Definition
| to condition the air to be recieved by the lower respiratory system |
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Term
| respiratory portion of respiratory system concisits of (2) |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles through alveoli |
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Term
| respiratory portion of respiratory system overall fcn (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Are air-filled pockets within the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Where all gas exchange takes place |
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Term
| t or f the larynx is part of the conducting portion if respiratory system |
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Definition
true
(recall the conducting portion is:
nasal cavity- terminal bronchioles) |
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Term
| The Respiratory Mucosa consists of (2) |
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Definition
| Consists of: 1. epithelial layer 2. lamina propria *remember mucosa is 1st layer |
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Term
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Definition
| An underlying areolar layer in the mucosa layer of respiratory structures |
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Term
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Definition
Lines the conducting portion of respiratory system
(in all structures of the respiratory system the lamina will contain structures that aid in the fcn of that particular structure
e.g. bronchioles: smooth muscle
nasal cavity: blood vessels (to warm air) |
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Term
| the lamina propia of the trachea, & bronchi &larger bronchioles contain (1) these structures are part of the upper/lower respirtatory system |
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Definition
mucous glands that secrete onto epithelial surface
lower= need mucous to trap debri early |
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Term
| In the of lower respiratory system the lamina propia contains |
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Definition
| bronchiolar smooth muscle cells that encircle lumen of bronchioles |
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Term
| contraction of bronchiolar smooth muscle cells cause |
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Definition
| increase in airway resistance |
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Term
| Alveolar epithelium is made of |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the form of the aveoli relate to its fcn? (2) |
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Definition
| Simple squamous epithelum Alveoli walls must be very thin needs max surface area to rapidly diffuse oxygen |
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Term
| The Respiratory Epithelium of the Nasal Cavity and Conducting System contain what special feature? (1) |
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Definition
| cilia The movement of these cilia propels mucus across the epithelial surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of these cilia propels mucus across the epithelial surface. |
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Term
| the nasal cavity & the superior portion of the pharynx is made up of (1)? and contains ___________(1) |
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Definition
| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium numerous mucous cells |
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Term
| Inferior portions of the pharynx is made up of(1) |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| Superior portion of the UPPER respiratory system is made up of (1) |
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Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
(aka the nasal cavity & nasopharynx) |
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Term
| the Smaller bronchioles are made up of? (1) |
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Definition
| Cuboidal epithelium with scattered cilia |
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Term
the respiratory defense system fcns
& add what structure do these fcns |
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Definition
filters air(nose hairs)
remove debri & pathogens (cilia and mucous)
help warm the air (blood vessels) |
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Term
| if pathogens bypass the respiratory defense system then how can they be destroyed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how does the nose respond to noxious stimuli, allergens, debris, and pathogens? |
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Definition
| increased mucous production |
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Term
| what disease affects 1:2400 people? |
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Definition
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Term
| cystic fibrosis usually affects people of _________decscent |
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Definition
| Northern European descent |
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Term
| cystic fibrosis is caused by (2) |
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Definition
TOO MUCH MUCOUS=
Abnormal chloride transporter causes NaCl to build up in secretory passages like the bronchi
Produces thick secretions that makes breathing difficult
DNA from dying cells also makes it thicker
*DNA looks like snot |
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Term
| cystic fibrosis is treated by (1) |
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Definition
inspiration of aerosols with DNAse
(inhale things that can lyse DNA) |
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Term
| The warm, moist environment of the lungs is ideal (bad) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infection by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| Air enters the nose through openings called |
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Definition
| external nares (aka the nostrils) |
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Term
| after air enters the external nares it goes to the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| portion of nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nares |
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Term
| what Are the first particles filtration system? (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| nasal hairs are located (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| the nasal cavity is divided into the L &R by the (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior portion of nasal cavity is the (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fcns of the nasal cavity (2) |
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Definition
filtering, warming, and humidifying the air
help w/ speech
smell |
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Term
| Mucous secretions from paranasal sinus and tears fcn (1) |
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Definition
| Clean and moisten the nasal cavity |
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Term
| The Paranasal sinuses def |
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Definition
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Term
| Paranasal sinuses are located (4) |
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Definition
•Frontal bone over the eyebrows
•Sphenoid bone below the pituitary (brain)
•Ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity
•Maxillary bones within the cheeks |
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Term
| the Paranasal sinuses located in Maxillary bones (cheekbones) fcn (1) |
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Definition
| allow Room for teeth development without adding weight to skull |
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Term
| overall the paranasal sinuses fcn (1) |
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Definition
| reduce the weight of the skull |
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Term
| why might you think u have a toothache when you actually might be having facial pain? |
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Definition
| sinus nerves from upper teeth pass are really close to maxillary (cheek) sinus |
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Term
| Air Flows From the nasal vestibule to _________ (1)through ___________(3) |
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Definition
internal nares,
superior, middle, and inferior meatuses |
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Term
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Definition
| are constricted passageways that produce air turbulence that are located btwn the nasal conchae |
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Term
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Definition
•Warm and humidify incoming air by produicng turbulence
•Trap particles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
floor of nasal cavity
aka the hard palate is the roof of your mouth |
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Term
| the hard palate seperates |
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Definition
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Term
| the soft palate is located relative to the hard palate? |
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Definition
| posterior to the hard palate |
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Term
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Definition
| superior nasopharynx from lower pharynx regions |
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Term
| Nasal cavity opens into nasopharynx through (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Warms and humidifies inhaled air for arrival at lower respiratory organs
dehumidifies/cools incoming/outgoing air |
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Term
| why is nose breathing better than mouth breathing? |
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Definition
| mouth breathing does not air to be warmed and humidfied by nasal mucosa |
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Term
| Physical damage to the lamina propria can result in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the 3 bumps that warm the air are the |
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Definition
| superior,medial,inferior nasal concha |
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Term
| what respiratory structure is shared by respiratory & digestive systems |
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Definition
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Term
| what substances flow through pharynx? (3) |
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Definition
Solids,
liquids
gases pass through
recall oropharynx: food and water |
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Term
| the pharynx extends from _____ to _____ |
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Definition
from:
internal nares
to:
entrances to larynx & esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 divisions of the pharynx |
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Definition
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx |
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Term
| which division of the pharynx Receives both air and food? |
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Definition
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Term
| the nasopharynx is made up what kind of epithelium? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium |
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Term
| Superior portion of pharynx |
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Definition
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Term
| nasopharynx concists of (2) |
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Definition
pharyngeal tonsils
openings to L and R auditory tubes |
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Term
| Middle portion of pharynx is |
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Definition
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Term
| the oropharynx is lined by (1) |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| the oropharynx contains (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| the oropharynx communicates with |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferior portion of pharynx |
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Definition
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Term
| laryngopharynx extends from |
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Definition
| hyoid bone to entrance of larynx and esophagus |
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Term
| Air Flows From the pharynx & enters the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A structure made up of 9 cartilages that surrounds the surround the glottis |
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Term
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Definition
entrance of the laryx
larynx surrounds the glottis |
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Term
| the 3 large, unpaired cartilages of the larynx are |
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Definition
1.Thyroid cartilage
2.Cricoid cartilage
3.Epiglottis |
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Term
| The largest cartilage of the larynx |
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Definition
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Term
| thyroid cartilage is made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| thyroid cartilage forms the ____ &______ of the laryx |
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Definition
| anterior and lateral walls |
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Term
| thyroid cartilage fcn (1) |
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Definition
| Supports & protects the entrance to the trachea (glottis) |
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Term
| the laryngopharynx is composed of ______ epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| the thyroid cartilage fcn (1) |
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Definition
| Supports & protects the entrance to the larynx (glottis) |
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Term
| the entrance to the larynx is |
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Definition
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Term
| the anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
adam's apple
*both women and men (bigger) have them |
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Term
| fcn of cricothyroid ligament (1) |
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Definition
| Attaches thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage |
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Term
| name the ring shaped hyaline cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
thyroid,cricoid,epiglottis
paired or unpaired? |
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Definition
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Term
cricoid cartilage forms the ____
wall of the larynx |
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Definition
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Term
| cricoid cartilage fcn (1) |
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Definition
| supports and protects the glottis |
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Term
| below the cricoid cartilage is the (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| the ________border of the cricoid cartilage articulates with(1); |
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Definition
| superior border of cricoid cartilage articulates with the arytenoid cartilages |
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Term
arytenoid cartilages
paired or unpaired |
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Definition
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Term
| what structure stretch btwn the arytenoid cartilages |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The elastic cartilage that covers the glottis (entrace to trachea from larynx )
during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| to prevent entry of food & water into the respiratory tract (trachea) |
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Term
during swallowing
larynx is (1)
epiglottis is (2) |
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Definition
1.the larynx is elevated &
2.the epiglottis is depressed & folds over the glottis |
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Term
| ligaments of the cricoid cartilage attatch to (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| ligaments of the epiglottis attatch to (2) |
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Definition
| thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone |
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Term
| An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the 3 smaller Larynx Cartilages are made of |
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Definition
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Term
| the 3 smaller Larynx Cartilages are paired or unpaired |
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Definition
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Term
| name the smaller larynx cartilages (3) |
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Definition
1. arytenoid
2. corniculate
3. cuneiform cartilages
A.C.C. |
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Term
| the arytenoid cartilages Can be made to rotate or pivot by muscles in order to |
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Definition
| alter the tension of the vocal cords |
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Term
| Corniculate cartilages work with ____(1) in order to _____ (2) |
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Definition
| the arytenoid, opens & closes the glottis to produce sound |
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Term
| Cricothyroid ligament is cut for a |
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Definition
| tracheostomy (if airway is blocked) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ligaments of the Larynx include (2) |
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Definition
| Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments |
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Term
Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments
Extend between (2) |
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Definition
| thyroid cartilage & arytenoid cartilages |
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Term
| Vestibular ligaments and vocal ligaments are covered by (1) |
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Definition
| by folds of laryngeal epithelium that project into glottis |
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Term
The Vestibular Ligaments
Lie within (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protect delicate vocal cords/folds of the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production |
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Term
| how is Sound Produced ?(3) |
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Definition
1.Air passed through glottis
2.Vibrates vocal folds
3.produces sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tension of vocal folds depends on (2) |
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Definition
1.the movement of the arytenoid cartilages
2.contraction of laryngeal muscles |
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Term
| vocal folds involved in sound production are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased tension = ? (1) |
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Definition
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Term
| Speech is produced by (1) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sound production at the larynx by air passing through the glottis and vibrating the vocal folds |
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Term
| the vestibular folds are (above/below) vocal folds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Modification of sound by other structures |
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Term
| The larynx is associated with what muscles (2) |
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Definition
1.Muscles of neck and pharynx
2.intrinsic laryngeal muscles
(affect tension on vocal cords
relax & contract glottis
) |
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Term
| intrinsic laryngeal muscles fcn (2) |
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Definition
Control vocal folds
relax & contract glottis |
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Term
| intrinsic laryngeal muscles relax |
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Definition
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Term
| intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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