A healthy, adult heart beats...

75 x/minute, ~4500 x/hour, 108,000 x/day

Cardiac output

amount of blood pumped from one ventricle per minute

How many times can cardiac ouput increase during activity?

5-6

Pulmonary Circuit

includes the right atrium and ventricle along with the pulmonary arteries and veins; carries blood to the lungs via pulmonary artieries to reduce CO2 and replenish oxygen levels in the blood before returning to the heart in pulmonary veins; blood returns to the left side of the heart

Systemic Circuit

includes the left atrium and ventricles along with all other named vessel; carries blood to the perpheral organs and tissues of the body

Where is the heart located?

between lungs in mediastinum; tilted and rotated so the right side/border is located more anteriorly with the left side/border is located more posterior

What is the size of the heart

fist sized; < 1 pound

What is the heart covered with?

pericardium and serous fluid

Fibrous pericardium

outer dense fibrous connective tissue that attaches to teh diaphragm and the great vessels

Serous pericardium

parietal layer= lines the innter surface of the fiborus pericaridum

Visceral pericardia

covers the outside of the heart; aka epicardium

Internal Structure of Heart

4 Chambers  = (Left/Right Atriums) and (L/R Ventricles)

Auricles

wrinkled, flaplike extension on the anterior of each atrium

L/R chambers are seperated by the...

septum

L/R atriums are seperated by the...

interatrial septum

L/R ventricles seperated by the.....

interventricular septum

Right atrium

receives venous blood from the systemic circuit and the heart tiself; 3 major vessels empty into the right atrium

Superior vena cava

drains blood from the head, neck, upper limbs and superior regions of the trunk

inferior vena cava

drains blood from the lower limbs and trunk

coronary sinus

drains blood from the heart wall

Right ventricle

receives deoxygenated venous blood from the right atrium

Trabeculae carneae

each internal ventricular wall has characteristic large, smooth, irregular muscles ridges

papillary muscles

3 cone shaped muscular projections in the right ventricle

Conus Arteriosus

a smooth walled cone region where the superior end of the right ventricle narrows into

Left Atrium

blood travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atirum; has 4 pulmonary veins;

Left Ventricle

wall is 3x thicker than the right ventricle; trabeculae carneae is more prominent