Confederacy

p. 303

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Textbook Definition:The independent country declared by 11 southern states, who called themselves the Confiderate States of America.
 Sentence: Confederacy were proud defenders of "Southern Rights" and "Southern Independence."

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Civil War

p. 303

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Textbook Definition: A war fought between the people of a single country.

Sentence: As Americans took sides, they began to see why a civil war- a conflict between two peoples in one country - is the most painful kind of war.

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Abraham Lincoln

p.304-305

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Textbook Definition: President Lincoln's response to the attack on Fort Sumner was quick and clear.

Sentence: The North's greatest advantage was its newly elected president, Abraham Lincoln 

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Jefferson Davis

p. 304-306

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Textbook Definition: At the same time, Jefferson Davis, the nearly elected president of the Confederacy, called for volunteers to defend the South.

Sentence: Confederate Jefferson Davis was equally devoted to the secession cause.

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General Winfield Scott

p. 308

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Textbook Definition: In the spring of 1861, President Lincoln and General Winfield Scott planned the Union's war strategy.

Sentence: Scott's step one was to surround the South by land and sea to cutt off its trade. 

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Rose O' Neal Greenhow

p. 308

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Textbook Definition: These eager troops were watched carefully by an attractive young widow and Washington social leader named Rose O' Neal Greenhow.

Sentence: She was a strong supporter of the southern cause. 

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Battle of Bull Run

p.308-309

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Textbook Definition: The two armies met at a creek known as Bull Run.

Sentence: The Battle of Bull Run was a smashing victory for the South.

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General Thomas Jackson

p. 309

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Textbook Definition: Confederate general Thomas Jackson and his regiment of Virginians refused to give way.

Sentence: Jackson urged his men to "yell like furies" as they changed the union forces.

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"Stonewall" Jackson

p.309

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Textbook Definition: Thus inspired by "Stonewall Jackson's example, the rebel lines held firm until reinforcements arrived.

Sentence: "There is Jackson with his Virginians, standing like a stone wall."

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Dorothea Dix

p.309

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Textbook Definition: Dorothea Dix was already well known for her efforts to improve the treatment of the mentally ill.

Sentence: She was appointed director of the Union army's nursing office. 

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Clara Barton

p. 309

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Textbook Definition: Clara Barton followed Union armies into battle, tending troops, where they fell.

Sentence: Later generations would remember Barton as the founder of the American Red Cross.

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Antietam

p. 310-311

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Textbook Definition: On a crisp September day in 1862, Confederate and Union armies met near the little town of Sharpsburg along the Antietam Creek.

Sentence: McClellan clamied Antietam as a Union victory.

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General Ulysses S. Grant

p.310

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Textbook Definition: Union forces headed by General Ulysses S. Grant began moving south toward the Mississippi from Illonios.

Sentence: In 1862, Grant won a series of victories that put Kentucky and much of Tennessee under Union control.

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General McClellan

p.310-311

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Textbook Definition: That same year, Union general George McClellan sent 100,000 men by ship to capture Richmond.

Sentence: All day long, McClellan's troops punded Lee's badly.

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General Robert E. Lee

p.305; 310-311

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Textbook Definition: Colonel Robert E. Lee, for example, was opposed to slavery and secession.

Sentence: General Robert E. Lee sent his troops across the Potoamac River into Maryland, a slave state that remained in the Union.
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Gettysburg

p. 312-314

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Textbook Definition: Union and Confederate troops met on July 1, 1863, west of Gettysburg, Pennslyvania

Sentence: Despite the victory at Gettysburg, Lincoln faced a number of problems on the home front.

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Emancipation

p. 312

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Textbook Definition: The act of freeing people from slavery.

Sentence: When the Civil War began, Lincoln had resisted pleas from abolitionist to make emancipation, a reason for the fighting of confederacy.

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Emancipation Proclamation

p.312

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Textbook Definition: The emancipation proclamation declared that slaves in all confederate states be free.
 Sentence: Still, for many in the North, the Emancipation Proclamation changed the war into a crusade for freedom.

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Draft

p.312

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Textbook Definition:A system for requiring citizens to join their country's armed forces.
 Sentence: In 1862, the Confederacy passed the nation's first draft law.
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Pickett's Charge

p.313

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Textbook Definition:Pickett's charge marked the northernmost point reached by southern troops during war.
 Sentence: George Pickett led 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge across the low ground seperating the two forces.

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Habeas Corpus

p. 313

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Textbook Definition:A written order from a court that gives a person the right to a trial before being jailed.
 Sentence: He also used his constitutional power to suspend the right of the habeas corpus.
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Gettysburg Address

p.314

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Textbook Definition:In the Gettysburg Address Lincoln talked about the war and how all men are created equal.
 Sentence: But the nation would never forget Linocln's Gettysburg Address.

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Vicksburg

p.316

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Textbook Definition:The town of Vicksburg was located on a bluff above a hairpin turn in the Mississippi River.
 Sentence: In May 1863, General Grant battled his way Vicksburg with the needed army.

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Merrimac

p. 315

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Textbook Definition: They left behind a warship called the Merrimac.

Sentence: They covered the wooden Merrimac with iron plates and added a powerful ram to its prow.

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Monitor

p. 315

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Textbook Definition:Completed in less than 100 days, the Monitor had a flat deck and two heavy guns in a revolving turret.
 Sentence: In 1862, the Monitor and the Merrimac, two ironclad ships , fought to a standstill.

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Massachusetts 54th Regiment

p. 317

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Textbook Definition: The Massachusetts 54 Infantry, commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.

Sentence: The Massachusetts 54 Regiment were paid less than the white soldiers.

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Fort Wagner

p.317

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Textbook Definition:After three months of training, the Massachusetts 54th was sent to the South Carolina to take part in the attack of Fort Wagner.
 Sentence: The assault of Fort Wagner was an impossible mission.

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Appomattox

p.319-320

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Textbook Definition: On April 9, 1865, General Lee, in full dress uniform, arrived at Wilmer McLean's house in the village of Appomattox Courthouse.

Sentence: General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.

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General William Tecumseh Sherman

p.318-19

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Textbook Definition: At the same time, General William Tecumseh Sherman would lead a second army into Georgia to take Atlanta.

Sentence: In May 1864, General Sherman left Tennessee for Georgia with orders to inflict  "all the damage you can against their war resources."

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General Philip Sheridan

p.318

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Textbook Definition: With his army tied down in northern Virginia, Grant ordered General Philip Sheridan to wage total war in Virginia's grain -rich Shenandoah.

Sentence: Luckily for the president, Sheridan's destruction of the Shenandoah Valley and Sherman's capture of Atlanta came just in time to rescue his campaign.

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Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

p.320

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Textbook Definition: "No one who fought in the Civil War would ever forget the intensity of the experience," wrote Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 

Sentence: "In our youths," wrote Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., "our hearts were touched by fire."

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