The Union

p.286

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Textbook Definition: The United States as one country, united under a single government.

Sentence: If Missouri was alowed to enter the Union as a slave state, some asked, what would keep slavery, from spreading across all the Louisiana Territory?

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Secession

p. 288

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Textbook Definition: The act of withdrawing from an organization of alliance, such as the withdrawl of southern states from the Union.

Sentence:As the debate dragged on and tempers wore thin, southernos began using such dreaded words as "secession" and "civil war."
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Fugitive

p. 290

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Textbook Definition:A person who flees or tries to escape.
 Sentence: These fugitives from slavery were often helped in their escape by sympathetic people in the North.

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Republican Party

p. 299

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Textbook Definition:The Republican party was united behind Lincoln.

Sentence: The party opposite of the Republican party, had spilt between the northern and southern factions.

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Missouri Compromise 

p. 288-290

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Textbook Definition:The Missouri Compromise kept the Union together.
 Sentence: As a result of the Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, while Maine entered as a free state.
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Compromise of 1850

p. 291-292

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Textbook Definition: The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state and allowed the southwestern territories to be set up with no restriction on slavery.

Sentence: Some Southernors, however, remained wary of the Compromise of 1850.

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Uncle Toms's Cabin

p. 292-293

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Textbook Definition: Nothing brought the horrors of slavery home to northernors more than Uncle Toms's Cabin, a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Sentence:Uncle Tom's Cabin grew out of a horrifying vision Stowe experienced while she was sitting in church on a wintry Sunday morning in 1851.
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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

p. 290-292

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Textbook Definition:Under the Fugitive Slave Law, any person arrested as a runaway slave had almost no illegal rights.
 Sentence: The Fugitive Slave Law also said that any person who helped a slave escape, or even refused to aid slave catchers, could be jailed.

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Dred Scott

p. 296-297

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Textbook Definition: The Court was about to decide a case concerning a Missouri slave named Dred Scott.

Sentence: Years earlier, Dred Scott had traveled with his owner to Wisconsin, where slavery was banned by the Missouri Compromise.

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Kansas Nebraska Act

p.293-294

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Textbook Definition:Northernors who were horrified by slavery were roused by fury by two events in 1854:the publication of the so-called Ostend Manifesto, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
 Sentence:After the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, settlers poured in Kansas.
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Ostend Manifesto

p. 293

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Textbook Definition: Northernors who were horrified by slavery were roused by fury by two events in 1854:the publication of the so-called Ostend Manifesto, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Sentence: The document known as the Ostend Manifesto was a message sent ot the secretary of state by three American diplomats who were meeting in Ostend, Belgium.
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Tallmadge Amendment

p. 286-287

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Textbook Definition: The Tallmadge amendment said that Missouri could join the Union, but only as a free state.
 Sentence: Southernor's in Congress greeted Tallmadge's amendment with a roar of protest.

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James Tallmadge

p. 286

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Textbook Definition: When the bill to make Missouri a state came before Congress, Representative James Tallmadge of New York decided to keep that nightmare from coming true.
Sentence: James Tallmdage proposed an amendment to the statehood bill.
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Gag Rule

p.289-290

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Textbook Definition: Outraged abolitionists called this the "gag rule," becuase it gaged (silenced) all congressional debate over slavery.

Sentence:In 1839, the gag rule prevented consideration of an anti-slavery proposal by John Quincy Adams, who was now a member of Congress.
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Nat Turner

p.289-290

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Textbook Definition:After Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831, resentment turned to fear.
 Sentence: Nat Turner's rebellion was the large-scale slave revolt.

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Wilmot Proviso

p. 290

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Textbook Definition:Pennsylvania representative David Wilmot added an amendment to the bill known as the Wilmot Proviso.
 Sentence: Wilmot's Proviso stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" in any part of the territory that might be acquired from Mexico. 

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Henry Clay

p. 291

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Textbook Definition: On January 21, 1850, Henry Clay, now a senator from Kentucky trudged through a Washington snowstorm to pay an unexpected call on senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts.

Sentence: Henry Clay, the creator of the Missouri Compromise, had come up with a plan to end the deadlock over California.

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Daniel Webster

p. 291-292

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Textbook Definition: On January 21, 1850, Henry Clay, now a senator from Kentucky trudged through a Washington snowstorm to pay an unexpected call on senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts.

Sentence: Clay and Daniel Webster hoped that the Compromise of 1850 would quiet the slavery controversy for years to come.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

p. 292

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Textbook Definition: New Engalnd poet

Sentence: This provision, complained New England poet Ralph Waldo Emerson, made "slave catchers of us all."

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Harriet Beecher-Stowe

p. 292-293

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Textbook Definition: Nothing brought the horrors of slavery home to southernors more than Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel by Harriet Beecher-Stowe.

Sentence: The novel grew out of the horrifying vision Stowe experienced while she was sitting in church on a wintry Sunday morning in 1851.

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Stephen A. Douglass

p. 293-295

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Textbook Definition:Early that same year , Senator Stephen A. Douglass of Illinois introduced a bill in Congress that aroused an even greater furor.
 Sentence: Douglass wanted to get a railroad built to California, and he thought the project was more likely to happen if Congress organized the Great Plains into Nebraska Territory and opened the region to settlers.

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Charles Sumner

p.295-296

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Textbook Definition: The violence in Kansas greatly disturbed Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.

Sentence: In 1856, Charles Sumner voiced his suspicions in a passionate speech entitled "The Crime Against Kansas."

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Abraham Lincoln

p. 285

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Textbook Definition: In 1860, after one of the strangest elections in the nation's history, a tall, plain-spoken Illonois lawyer named Abraham Lincoln was elected president.

Sentence: By the time Abraham Lincoln took office, the nation had split apart over the issue of slavery and was preparing for war.

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Free Soil Party

p. 294

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Textbook Definition: The Free Soil Party was a short political party in the United States active in 1848 and 1852 presendtial elections, and in some state elections.

Sentence: And more " free-soilers," as the anti-slavery settlers were called, prepared to move to Kansas.

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Dred Scott Case

p. 296-297

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Textbook Definition:Taney, however hoped to use the Dred Scott case to settle the slavery controversy once and for all.
 Sentence: The chief justice began by reviewing the facts of Dred Scott's case.

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Lincoln Douglass Debate 

p. 298

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Textbook Definition: Abraham Lincoln addresses an audience during one of the famous Lincoln-Douglass debates.

Sentence: During the Lincoln Douglass debates, Douglass argued that the Dred Scott decision had put the slavery issue to rest.

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John Brown's Raid 

p. 298-299

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Textbook Definition: Rather than wait for Congress to act, Brown planned to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, planned for a raid.

Sentence:All of Brown's men were killed or captured during the raid on the arsenal.
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Harper's Ferry

p. 299

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Textbook Definition: Rather than wait for Congress to act, Brown planned to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Sentence:All of Brown's men were killed or captured at Harper's Ferry.
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John Breckinridge

p. 299

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Textbook Definition:Southern Democrats supported John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky.
 Sentence: John C. Breckinridge was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky.

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Election of 1860

p. 299

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Textbook Definition: The 1860 presedential race showed just how divided the nation had become.

Sentence: Lincoln won the elction of 1860 with just 40 percent of the votes, all of them cast in the North.

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Ruffian

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Textbook Definition: A violent person.

Sentence: People who wanted to be in war, were ruffians.

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Fort Sumter

p. 300

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Textbook Definition: On April 12, they opened fire om Fort Sumter, a federal fort in Charleston Harbor.

Sentence: The opening shots of the Civi War were fired at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

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Martyr

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Textbook Definition: A person who is killed because of their religious beliefs.
Sentence: A martyr is somebody who suffers persecution and death for advocating, refusing to renounce, and /or refusing a belief or cause, usually a religious one.
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Thomas Cobb

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Textbook Definition: Thomas Cobb was born in Springville, Lawerence County, Indiana.

Sentence: Thomas Cobb served as a member of the State Senate from 1858 and 1866 and as a president of the Democratic convention in 1876.

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Mason-Dixon Line

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Textbook Definition: The Mason-Dixon line was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jerimiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute between British colonies in Colonial America.

Sentence: The Mason-Dixon line symbolizes a cultural boundary between the Northeastern and the Southern united States.

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"Thomas R. Cobb." Wikipedia. 21 Jan. 2014. Wikimedia Foundation. 12 Feb. 2014 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Cobb>.

"Martyr." Wikipedia. 02 Dec. 2014. Wikimedia Foundation. 12 Feb. 2014 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr>.

"John C. Breckinridge." Wikipedia. 02 Dec. 2014. Wikimedia Foundation. 12 Feb. 2014 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge>.

"Free Soil Party." Wikipedia. 02 Dec. 2014. Wikimedia Foundation. 12 Feb. 2014 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Soil_Party>.