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Ch. 21
Blood
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/12/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

2 divisions of the circulatory system?

Definition

 

 

cardiovascular system and lymphatic system

Term

 

 

 

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

transportation throughout the body; regulation of fluidsand body temperature; protection from clotting of the blood and invaders of the immune system

Term

 

 

 

How much blood is in the body?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

5 - 8 liters

Term

 

 

Whis is blood made up of?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

cells (45%) and plasma (55%)

Term

 

 

 

Albumin

Definition

 

 

~ 58% plasma; establishes blood osmotic pressure; transports some fatty acids and hormones

Term

 

 

 

Globulins

Definition

 

 

~ 37% plasma proteins; alpha globins transports lipids and some metail ions; beta globulins trnsport iron ionds and lipids in blood stream; gamma globulins are antibodies that immobilize pathogens

Term

 

 

 

Fibrinogen

Definition

 

 

 

~4% of plasma proteins; helps with blood clotting

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Regulatory proteins

Definition

 

 

~ < 1% of plasma proteins; consists ofenzymes, proenzymes and hormones

Term

 

 

 

Electrolytes

Definition

 

 

 

help establish and maintaine membrane potentials, maintain pH balance and regulate osmosis; sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, iron, bicaronate, and hydrogen

Term

 

 

 

Nutrients

Definition

 

 

 

 

energy source; aminoacids, glucose, cholesterol, vitamins, fatty acids

Term

 

 

 

Respiratory gases

Definition

 

 

 

oxygen and CO2

Term

 

 

 

 

Wastes

Definition

 

 

trasported to the liver and kidneys where they can be removed from the blood; lactic acid, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, ammonia

Term

 

 

 

 

Components of blood in a seperation tube

Definition

 

 

erthyrocytes, plasma, buffy coat

Term

 

 

 

What are blood cells made by?

Definition

 

 

 

Stem cells/hemocytoblasts

Term

 

 

 

2 types of blood?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

Erthrocytes and Leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

 

Erythrocytes

Definition

 

 

 

red blood cells; small, biconcave discs; 25 trillion; no nucliucleus or mitochondria; live for ~ 120 days

Term

 

 

 

 

What erythrocytes contain?

Definition

 

 

hemoglobin

Term

 

 

 

 

What is hemoglobin?

Definition

 

 

transports oxygen and CO2 and is responsible for the red color of arterial blood

Term

 

 

 

 

Rouleaux

 

Definition

 

 

 

single file line up to pass through small blood vessels

Term

 

 

 

What are hemoglobins composed of?

Definition

 

 

 

4 protein subunits called globins; each contains a heme group holding an iron ion in the center

Term

 

 

 

 

What do each hemoglobin transports?

Definition

 

 

 

4 O2 molecules

Term

 

 

 

 

Antigen

 

Definition

 

 

substance that causes immune reaction

Term

 

 

 

 

What are the most common antigens?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Surface antigen (A & B)

Term

 

 

 

Which blood type contains surface antigen A?

Definition

 

 

 

Blood type A

Term

 

 

 

Which blood types contains antigen B?

Definition

 

 

 

Blood type B

Term

 

 

 

Which blood type contains antigen A and B?

Definition

 

 

 

Blood type AB

Term

 

 

 

 

Which blood type contains neither surface antigens (A or B)?

Definition

 

 

 

Blood type O

Term

 

 

 

 

Antibodies

Definition

 

 

travel in the blood plasma; interacts with specific antigens; recognizes and immobilizes an antigen it perceives as foreign to the body

Term

 

 

Which blood type has anti-B antibodies?

Definition

 

 

Blood type A

Term

 

 

 

Which blood type has anti-A antibodies?

Definition

 

 

Blood type B

Term

 

 

 

Which blood type has neither anti-A antibodies or anti-B antibodies?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Blood type AB

Term

 

 

 

 

Which blood type both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies?

Definition

 

 

 

Blood type O

Term

 

 

 

 

Agglutination

Definition

 

 

 

when the transfusion of the blood type is not compatible and clumps of erythrocytes bind together; can block blood vessels and prevent normal circulation

Term

 

 

 

Hemolysis

Definition

 

 

process after agglutination;can lead to organ damage or in extreme cases death

Term

 

 

 

Rh factor

Definition

 

 

surface antigen D; if present Rh (+); if not Rh (-)

Term

 

 

 

 

Leukocytes

Definition

 

 

white blood cells; large cells; initiate immune respoponse; does not contain hemoglobin; 50 billion total; can move in/out of blood vessels via diapedesis

Term

 

 

 

2 types of Leukocytes

Definition

 

 

 

Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

 

Agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)

Term

 

 

 

Neutrophils

Definition

 

 

 

phagocytize pathogens, especially bacteria; release enzymes and chemical mediators that target pathogens; 60-70% leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

Eosinophils

Definition

 

 

 

 

phagocytize allergens; antigen-antibody complexes; release chemical mediators to destroy parasitic worms; 2-4% of leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Basophils

Definition

 

 

 

release histamine and heparin during anti-inflammatory or allergic reactions; 0.5-1% of leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

lymphocytes

Definition

 

 

attack pathogens and abnormal/infected cells; coordinate immune cell activity; produce antibodies; 20-25% of leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

Monocytes

Definition

 

 

can exit blood vessels and become macrophages; phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, dead leukocytes; 3-8% of leukocytes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Platelets

Definition

 

 

irregular, membrane enclosed fragments of megakaryocytes; release clotting enzymes; live ~ 10 days; 1 trillion total

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