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Ch. 20 The heart
Lecture Exam #5
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/14/2011

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Term
What is the function of the heart?
Definition
Endocrine gland and pumps blood.
Term
What is the pericardium?
Definition
A double-walled sac enclosing the heart consisting of the pericardial sac and epicardium.
Term
What is the pericardial sac?
Definition
Parietal pericardium; the outer wall/fibrous layer of the pericardium.
Term
What is the epicardium?
Definition
The visceral pericardium; serous membrane of the pericardium.
Term
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Definition
The left and right atrium and the left and right ventricles.
Term
What is the right atrioventricular valve?
Definition
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Term
What is the left atrioventricular valve?
Definition
Between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Term
What is the pulmonary semilunar valve?
Definition
Between the right ventricle and pumlonary trunk.
Term
What is the aortic semilunar valve?
Definition
Between the left ventricle and aorta.
Term
What is the intraventriclar septum?
Definition
Longitudinal wall dividing the right and left halves of the heart.
Term
What is chordea tendineae?
Definition
Connect the valves to the papillary muscles on the floor of the ventricle.
Term
What is papillary muscle?
Definition
Connect the valves to the floor of the ventricles with the chordae tendineae.
Term
What are the 8 great vessels of the heart?
Definition
Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus, aorta, 2 pulmonary arteries and 2 pulmonary veins.
Term
What is the pulmonary flow of blood through the heart?
Definition
1. Blood from body goes into the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.
2. From the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus blood goes into the right atrium.
3. From the right atrium blood goes into the right A/V valve
4. From the right A/V valve blood goes into the right ventricle.
5. From the right ventricle blood goes into the pulmonary semilunar valve.
6. From the pulmonary semilunar valve blood goes to the pulmonary trunk.
7. From the pulmonary trunk blood goes into the pulmonary arteries.
8. From the pulmonary arteries blood goes into the lungs.
Term
What is the systemic flow of blood through the heart?
Definition
1. From the lungs the blood goes into the pulmonary veins.
2. From the pulmonary veins blood goes to the left atrium.
3. From the left atrium blood goes to the left A/V valve.
4. From the left A/V valve, blood goes to the left ventricle.
5. From the left ventricle, blood goes to the aortic semilunar valve.
6. From the aortic semilunar valve, blood goes to the aorta.
7. From the aorta, blood goes to the rest of the body.
Term
What is the foramen ovale?
Definition
In the fetal heart and is located between the right and left atrium.
Term
What is the ductus arteriosis?
Definition
In fetal heart, connects the pulmonary trunk with the aorta.
Term
What is ligamentum arteriosum?
Definition
Ductus arteriosis turns into after fetal development of the heart.
Term
What is the pacemaker and where is it located?
Definition
The sinoatrial (SA) node located in the right atrium.
Term
What is the pacemaker's function?
Definition
Initiates each heartbeat and determines the heart rate.
Term
What is the route of the cardiac conduction system?
Definition
1. SA node fires in right atrium 2. Excitation spreads from the atrial myocardium 3. AV node fires which is located near the right AV valve4. Excitation spreads down AV bundle (bundle of HIS) which is located down the interventricular septum and descends toward apex of heart 5. Purkinje fibers distribute excitation through ventricular myocardium (located near the wall of the ventricals)
Term
what are the Perkinje fiber's function?
Definition
distribute the electrical excitation to the myocytes of the ventricles.
Term
What is the cardiac conduction system?
Definition
Controls the route and timing of stimulation to ensure that the 4 heart chambers are coordinated with eachother.
Term
What is myocardial infarction (MI)?
Definition
sudden death of a patch of tissue in heart deprived of its blood flow.
Term
What is the right coronary artery's (RCA) function?
Definition
Supplies the right atrium and sinoatrial node (pacemaker).
Term
Where is the right coronary artery located?
Definition
Comes off the aorta behind the pulmonary trunk, continues along the coronary sulcus under the right auricle
Term
Where is the left coronary artery (LCA) located?
Definition
Starts off the aorta and travels through the coronary sulcus under the left auricle
Term
What is the function of the anterior interventricular branch?
Definition
Supplies blood to both ventricles and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum.
Term
Where is the anterior inteventricular branch located?
Definition
travels down the anterior interventricular sulcus
Term
Where is the right marginal branch location?
Definition
Branches off the right coronary artery and runs toward the apex of the heart.
Term
What is the function of the right marginal branch?
Definition
Supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the right atrium and ventricle.
Term
What is the location of the posterior interventricular branch?
Definition
Travels down the posterior sulcus of the heart and joins the anterior interventriuclar branch of the left coronary artery.
Term
What is the function of the posterior interventriuclar branch?
Definition
Supplies blood to the posterior walls of both ventricles as well as the posterior portion of the interventricular setpum.
Term
Where does all blood returning to the heart drain and which part of the heart does it enter?
Definition
Corony sinus. Coronary sinus drains into the right atrium (Systemic).
Term
What does an ECG or EKG monitor?
Definition
The heart's conduction system.
Term
What 2 branches does the right coronary artery give off?
Definition
right marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch.
Term
What 2 branches does the left coronary artery give off?
Definition
anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch.
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