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| belly or underside of a body or body part |
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| uppermost, above, or toward the head (used for bipeds) |
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| lowermost, below, or toward the tail (used for bipeds) |
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| nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure |
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| farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure |
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| near the surface (aka external) |
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| away from the surface (aka internal) |
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| caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally) |
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| caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus (from the tibiotarsal joint distally) |
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| divides body into equal right and left halves; also called median plane or midline |
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| divides body into unequal right and left parts |
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| divides body into dorsal and ventral parts; also called frontal plane or coronal plane |
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| divides body into cranial and caudal part; also called horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane |
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| study of the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions |
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| combo of physiology and pathology; study of changes in function caused by disease |
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| how teeth are arranged in the mouth |
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| tooth surface of mandible (lower) that faces the tongue |
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| tooth surface of the maxilla (upper) that faces the tongue |
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| aspect of tooth that faces the cheek (aka vestibular surface) |
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| aspect of tooth that faces the cheek (aka buccal surface |
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| aspect of teeth that meets when you chew |
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| surface of tooth facing the lips |
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| aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth |
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| closest to midline of the dental arcade or arch |
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| surface furthest from the midline of the dental arcade |
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| hole or hollow space in body that contains and protects internal organs |
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| hollow space that contains the brain in the skull |
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| hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column |
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| aka chest cavity; hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm |
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| hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity; inaccurately called peritoneal cavity |
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| hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum |
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| hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems (urinary bladder and rectum) organs bounded by the pelvic bones |
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| portion of body between the thorax and pelvis containing the abdominal cavity |
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| chest region located between the neck and diaphragm |
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| lower region of abdomen adjacent to the thigh; aka inguinal area |
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| thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or organ |
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| membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area |
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| outer layer of peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
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| inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs |
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| inflammation of the peritoneum |
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| pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus; aka navel |
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| layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity |
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| means superficial to the peritoneum |
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| lying on the belly; aka sternal recumbency |
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| lying in ventral or sternal recumbency |
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| lying in dorsal recumbency |
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| closure of a join angle or reduction of the angle between two bones |
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| straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones |
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| hyperflexion/ hyperextension |
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| when a joint is flexed or extended too far |
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| act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward |
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| act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward |
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| circular movement around an axis |
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| cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus |
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| structure lining the cell that protects the cell's contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell |
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| gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
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| structure in cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane |
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| structures in nucleus composed of DNA, which transmit genetic info |
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| any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes |
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| denotes something present at birth |
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| deviation from what is regarded as normal |
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| group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function |
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| study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue |
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| epithelium tissue or epithelium |
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| covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements |
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| type of epithelium that is a cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs, including blood vessels |
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| type of epithelium that is the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as the perotoneum |
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| adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together |
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| type of connective tissue; fat |
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| contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax |
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| three types of muscle tissue: |
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1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. caridac |
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| contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses |
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| suffix used to describe formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell NUMBERS |
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| suffix that means formation, development, and increase in the SIZE of tissue and cells |
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| change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
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| lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell |
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| abnormal growth or development of an organ, tissue, or cell |
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| abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ, tissue, or cell |
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| incomplete or less than normal development of an organ, tissue or cell |
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| any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive; usually form tumor |
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| tending to spread and be life threatening |
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| suffix that means tumor or neoplasm |
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| decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ, tissue, or cell |
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| defective growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell |
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| increase in hte size of an organ, tissue, or cell |
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| groups of specialized cells that secrete material elsewhere in the body |
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| groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ |
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| groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream, which transports them throughout the body |
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| part of the body that performs a special function or functions |
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| cf of lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes |
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| cf of large intestine (2) |
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ophthalm/o
ocul//o
opt/o
opt/i |
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ot/o
aur/i
aur/o
audit/o
aud/i |
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| cf of external ear (sound) (2) |
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| support and shape, protection, hematopoiesis, mineral storage |
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| locomotion, movement of body fluids, body heat generation |
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| delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue, transports cellular waste from body, performs immune function and endocrine function |
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| lymphatic and immune systems |
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| provide nutrients to and remove waste from tissues, protect the body from harmful substances |
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| brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells, removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body |
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| digestion of ingested food, absorption of digested food, elimination of solid waste |
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| filters blood to remove waste, maintains electrolyte balance, regulates fluid balance |
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| nervous system and special senses |
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| coordinating mechanism, reception of stimuli, transmission of messages |
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