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Ch. 2 Abdomen
ECA Moore - pg. 135-174
68
Anatomy
Graduate
12/14/2010

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Cards

Term
T/F - spleen and stomach are in the peritoneal cavity
Definition
FALSE - they are intraperitoneal but there are no organs in the peritoneal cavity
Term
gastrophrenic ligament
Definition
between greater curvature of stomach & diaphragm
Term
gastrosplenic ligament
Definition
between greater curvature of stomach & spleen
Term
gastrocolic ligament
Definition
inferior portion of the greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
-4 layer fatty "omental apron"
Term
3 parts of the greater omentum
Definition
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
gastrocolic ligament
Term
what makes of lesser omentum
Definition
hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments
Term
subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity
Definition
-greater sac
-omental bursa/lesser sac (superior & inferior recesses)
Term
communication between omental bursa with greater sac
Definition
epiploic foramen / omental foramen*
Term
boundaries of the omental foramen
Definition
ANTERIORLY - hepatoduodenal ligament
POSTERIORLY - IVC & right crus of diaphragm
SUPERIORLY - liver
INFERIORLY - superior duodenum
Term
transverse mesocolon divides abdominal cavity into:
Definition
supracolic compartment (stomach, liver, spleen)
infracolic compartment (small intestine, ascending/descending colon)
infracolic compartment (s
Term
Paracolic gutters
Definition
communications between supracolic & infracolic compartments
Term
Ascites
Definition
Excess Fluid in the periotneal cavity
Term
Functions of the Greater Omentum
Definition
-Prevents visceral peritoneum from sticking to parietal peritoneum
-Mobility
-Protects adjacent organs from an inflamed organ
Term
hepatic vein is formed by union of what 2 veins?
Definition
superior mesenteric & splenic veins
Term
3 main branches of abdominal aorta
Definition
celiac trunk, SMA, IMA
Term
What opening does the esophagus pass thru the diaphragm? What vertebral level?
Definition
-Esophageal hiatus - Muscular Right Crux of Diaphragm
-T10
Term
At what vertebral level does esophagus join with stomach?
Definition
T11 @ esophagogastric junction
Term
What marks the esophagogastric junction?
Definition
Z Line
-just above it diaphragm functions as inferior esophageal sphincter
Term
arterial supply of esophagus
Definition
-Esophageal branches of the L gastric A (from celiac trunk)
-Left inferior phrenic artery
Term
Venous drainage of esophagus
Definition
-Left gastric vein --> portal venous system
-Proximal part Esohpageal vein --> azygos vein
Term
Cardial notch is located between
Definition
esophagus & fundus
Term
Arterial supply of stomach
Definition
From Celiac Trunk
-L & R Gastric Arteries
-L & R Gastro-omental artery
Term
Anterior relation of the stomach
Definition
Diaphragm, L lobe of liver, Ant Abdominal Wall
Term
Anterior relation of the stomach
Definition
Diaphragm, L lobe of liver, Ant Abdominal Wall
Term
Posterior Relations of Stomach
Definition
Omental Bursa & Pancreas
Term
Vertebral level of the superior (first part of) Duodenum
Definition
L1
Term
Vertebral Level Descending (second part of) duodenum
Definition
Runs inferiorly along the right side of L2 & L3
-ampulla of vater enters here
Term
Entry of bile duct into duodenum embryologically is the
Definition
site of the junction between foregut & midgut
Term
What is the terminal branch of the SMA
Definition
Ileocolic Artery
Term
What is the terminal branch of the IMA
Definition
Superior Rectal
Term
Ileum vs Jejunum
Definition
Ileum has LONG arterial Arcades & SHORT vasa recta
Jejunum has SHORT Arterial Arcades & LONG Vasa Recta
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
protrusion of part of the stomach into the mediastinum thru esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
Term
paraesophageal hiatal hernia
Definition
cardia remains in its normal position but pouch of peritoneum (containing fundus) extends thru esophageal hiatus
-no regurg of gastric contents
Term
sliding hiatal hernia
Definition
abdominal part of esophagus (cardia, and pats of funds slide superiorly thru esophageal hiatus into thorax
-some regurg
Term
ileal diverticulum (of Meckel)
Definition
remanant of the proximal part of the embryonic omphalo-enteric duct - finger0like ouch 3-6 cm
Term
Diverticulosis
Definition
multiple false diverticula develop along intestine
-common in elderly
-found in sigmoid colon
Term
Location of the Spleen
Definition
Left Upper Abdominal Quadrant between 9 & 11 rib
Term
Vertebral levels of neck of pancrease
Definition
overlies L1 & L2
Term
spleen is covered by peritoneum except at
Definition
hilum
Term
Pancreatic enzymes derive mainly from branches of which artery?
Definition
splenic artery
Term
why does pancreatic cancer involve extrahepatic bile obstruction?
Definition
cancer of the head compresses & obstructs the bile duct & hepatopancreatic ampulla
Term
normal liver location?
Definition
deep to ribs 7 to 11
crosses midline toward the left nipple
Term
why do subphrenic abscesses occur more frequently on right side
Definition
frequency of ruptured appendices and perforated duodenal ulcers is greater on Right side
Term
round ligament of the liver is the obliterated remnant of the
Definition
umbilical vein
-carried well oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
Term
ligamentum venosum is remnant of ... ?
Definition
fibrous remnant of fetal ductus venosus
-shunted blood from umbilical vein to the IVC
Term
hepatic lymph nodes drain to ...?
Definition
celiac lymph nodes --> cisterna chyli
Term
cystic artery commonly arises from which artery?
Definition
right hepatic artery
Term
4 sites of portal-systemic anastamoses:
Definition
-esophageal veins: to azygos vein (systemic) or to Left gastric (portal)
-dialeted --> varices
*between rectal veins: inferior & rectal --> IVC (systemic) & superior rectal continuing as IMA (portal)
*hemorrhoids
-paraumbilical veins: anterior abdominal wall (portal) & with superfiical epigastric veins (systemic)
*Caput medusae
-Colic veins (portal) anastomosing with retroperitoneal veins (systemic)
Term
Falciform ligament contains ligamentum teres which is the obliterated ...?
Definition
left umbilical vein
Term
Posterior border of epiploic foramen?
Anterior border?
Definition
IVC
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
what are remnant of dorsal mesentery?
Definition
Greater omentum (gastrocolic, gastrolienal, lineorenal ligaments)
Mesentery of small intestines (mesentery proper)
Sigmoid mesocolon
Term
T / F - Spleen is an immune organ derived from the foregut
Definition
FALSE - is an immune organ but is NOT derived from foregut
Term
What lobes of liver border Gall Bladder?
Definition
Right Lobe & Quadrate Lobe
Term
Duct of Wirsung vs Duct of Santorini?
Definition
Wirsung is chief bile duct
Santorini is the accessory duct
Term
Marginal artery is an anastamoses between:
Definition
Left colic (IMA) & Middle Colic (SMA)
Term
Dermatomes for referred pain of stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen:
Definition
T6-T9
Term
Dermatomes for referred pain of Kidneys:
Definition
T10-L1
Term
Dermatomes for referred pain of colon:
Definition
T10-L2(3)
Term
Main branches of celiac trunk:
Definition
L Gastric A
Splenic A
Common Hepatic A
Term
Auerbach's plexus:
Definition
-Myenteric neurons in lower esophagus
-For sphincter & peristalsis
-damage ==> achalasia
Term
Somatic Mesoderm -->
Splanchnic Mesoderm -->
Definition
Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura
Term
sympathetic nerve supply of hindgut
Definition
lumbar sympathetics
Term
Transpyloric is at
Definition
L1
Term
Esophageal Anastomses
Definition
Esophageal veins (portal) with Azgous / Left Gastric Veins (caval)
Term
Paraumbilical Anastaomoses
Definition
Umbilical Veins w. Superficial epigastric
Term
Rectal Anastaomses
Definition
Superior Rectal Vein(portal) w/ Inferior middle rectal (caval)
Term
Retroperitoneal anastaomses
Definition
Colic vein w/ Retroperitoneal veins
Term
Common bile duct passes _______ head of pancrease to empty into duodenum
Definition
posterior
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