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Ch. 19
Special and General Senses
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/13/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

What do specialized cells react to?

 

Definition

 

 

 

stimuli (external or internal)

Term

 

 

 

 

What are the general senses?

Definition

 

 

touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure, proprioception, itch, internal environment

Term

 

 

 

What are the special senses?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

sight, smell, taste, hearing, balance

Term

 

 

 

 

5 types of sensory receptors

Definition

 

 

mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

Term

 

 

 

mechanoreceptors

Definition

 

 

sense change in pressure or tension around receptor; detect touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing and balance

Term

 

 

 

chemoreceptors

Definition

 

 

 

proteins on cell membrane detect specific molecules/chemicals; internal environment, smell, taste

Term

 

 

 

 

photoreceptors

Definition

 

 

 

senses changes in light-color, intensity, movement; used in vision, therefore located in eye

Term

 

 

 

 

thermoreceptors

Definition

 

 

 

sense changes in temperature above or below a baseline

Term

 

 

 

 

nociceptors

Definition

 

 

 

 

pain receptors to external or internal stimuli

Term

 

 

 

 

 2 types (Touch and Pressure)

Definition

 

 

 

unencapsulated and encapsulated

Term

 

 

 

unencapsulated receptors

Definition

 

 

 

exposed dendrites; simple structure

Term

 

 

 

 

3 types of unencapsulated receptors

 

Definition

 

 

root hair plexus; free nerve endings; tactile discs

Term

 

 

 

root hair plexus

Definition

 

 

 

around hair follicles

Term

 

 

 

 

free nerve endings

Definition

 

 

 

 

upper dermis and lower epidermis; sense touch

Term

 

 

 

 

 

tactile discs

Definition

 

 

 

flattened nerve endings that function as tonic receptors for fine touch

Term

 

 

 

 

encapsulated endings

Definition

 

 

 

 

dendrties covered with connective tissue or glial cells

Term

 

 

 

 

4 types of encapsulated

Definition

 

tactile corpuscles; lamellated corpuscles; Ruffini corpuscles; Krause bulbs

Term

 

 

 

 

tactile corpuscles (meissner's)

Definition

 

 

 

in dermal papillae; detects light touch

Term

 

 

 

 

 

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

Definition

 

 

deep dermis; detect deep pressure and vibration

Term

 

 

 

 

Ruffini corpuscles

Definition

 

 

 

 

dermis and hypodermis; detects deep pressure and distortion

Term

 

 

 

 

Krause bulbs

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

mucous membranes of cavities; detect light touch

Term

 

 

 

 

Proprioception

Definition

 

 

 

 

mechanoreceptors sense tension in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules; send continous signals to cerebellum

Term

 

 

 

 

Pain

Definition

 

 

 

 

nociceptors; free nevere endings found mainly in skin, some organs, none in brain; respond to strong stimuil- intense heat/cold, strong pressure, chemicals

Term

 

 

 

 

Taste (Gustation)

Definition

 

 

 

taste buds on surface of tongue

Term

 

 

 

4 types of papillae on surface of tongue

Definition

 

 

 

 

vallate, fungiform, filiform, foliate

Term

 

 

 

 

vallate

Definition

 

 

 

least numerous but are the largest; form a V shape

Term

 

 

 

 

filiform

Definition

 

 

 

short, spiked and on anterior 2/3

Term

 

 

 

 

fungiform

Definition

 

 

 

block like projections on side of the tongue

Term

 

 

 

 

foliate

Definition

 

 

 

 

ridges on lateral sides of tongue and are only in infants/children

Term

 

 

 

taste buds on sides of tongue are....

Definition

 

 

 

vallate and fungiform papillae

Term

 

 

 

How many specialized epithelial cells do taste buds contain?

Definition

 

 

 

50-100 cells

Term

 

 

 

Taste buds

Definition

 

 

 

 

long microvilli stick out through taste pore, receptors on microvilli bind one type of chemical; binding of chemicals stimulates the sensory neuron

Term

 

 

 

5 types of taste

Definition

 

 

 

salty, sweet, bitter, sour, umami

Term

 

 

 

Where is the pair of olfactory bulbs located at?

Definition

 

 

 

on the ethmoid bone

Term

 

 

 

Smell

Definition

 

 

receptor proteins on the cell detect specific types of odor molecules; 50-60 major types of primary odors; odors stimulate neurons to send signals

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Wha does cillia on dendrites do?

Definition

 

 

 

increase surface area

Term

 

 

 

 

Vision

Definition

 

 

 

respond to 1 billion stimuli per second; 7 million shades of color

Term

 

 

 

3 parts of the eye

Definition

 

 

 

eye muscles, lacrimal apparatus and lacrimal gland

Term

 

 

 

 

eye muscles

 

Definition

 

 

 

superior, medial, inferior, lateral rectus; superior & inferior oblique

Term

 

 

 

3 layers that form the wall of the eye

Definition

 

 

Fibrous (outer); vascular (middle); nerual (inner)

Term

 

 

What consists of the fibrous layer?

Definition

 

 

 

sclera, cornea, conjunctiva

Term

 

 

 

sclera

Definition

 

 

dense irregular connective tissue; "white" of the eye

Term

 

 

 

Cornea

Definition

 

 

 

continuous w/ sclera; collagen fibers arranged parallel to light rays-clear

Term

 

 

 

Conjunctiva

Definition

 

 

accessory structure; stratified squamous tissue; covers anterior surface and inside of eyelid

Term

 

 

 

What consists of the vascular layer?

Definition

 

 

 

choroid; ciliary body; lens; iris

Term

 

 

 

choroid

Definition

 

 

 

posterior under sclera; pigmented to absorb light

Term

 

 

 

 

ciliary body

Definition

 

 

 

 

anterior under cornea/sclera; ciliary muscles with suspensory ligaments which help bind to lens to help control shape

Term

 

 

 

lens

Definition

 

 

 

onion like structure of transparent cells; focuses light rays on retina

Term

 

 

 

iris

Definition

 

 

smooth msucles covered with pigments cells;

Term

 

 

 

 

pupil

Definition

 

 

 

hole in center to allow light in

Term

 

 

 

 

What consists in the neural layer?

Definition

 

 

 

retina (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells)

Term

 

 

 

photoreceptor

Definition

 

 

 

most external layer; under choroid; cones & rods

Term

 

 

 

cones

Definition

 

 

senses color (blue, green, red); vital for bright light; centrally located

Term

 

 

 

Rods

Definition

 

 

 

 

sense black/white and motion; vital for dim light; peripheral

Term

 

 

 

 

bipolar cells

Definition

 

 

 

middle layer; neurons that synapse w/ photoreceptors

Term

 

 

 

 

ganglion cells

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

innermost layer; form optic nerve that leaves the eye

Term

 

 

 

 

External ear

Definition

 

 

consits of the auricle; protects the entry to the external auditory canal

Term

 

 

auricle

Definition

 

 

 

 

skin covered , elastic cartilage supported structure

Term

 

 

 

Middle Ear

Definition

 

 

located inside temporal bone; includes tympanic membrane; auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes); auditory tube

Term

 

 

 

Auditory tube

Definition

 

 

 

 

equalizes presure on tympanic membrane

Term

 

 

 

Auditory ossicles

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

amplify sound waves

Term

 

 

 

Inner Ear

 

Definition

 

located inside temporal bone; tunnel in the bone creates the bony labyrinth; membranous labyrinth; contains cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule

Term

 

 

 

Semicircular canals

Definition

 

 

 

sense rotation acceleration; 3 semicircular canals; like in different planes

Term

 

 

 

 

semicircular ducts

Definition

 

 

 

detect rotation movements of the head

 

Term

 

 

 

 

ampulla

Definition

 

 

enlarged area

Term

 

 

 

 

crista ampullaris

Definition

 

 

hair/ supporting cells region

Term

 

 

 

cupula

Definition

 

 

 

gel dome over cilia

Term

 

 

 

Vestibule

Definition

 

 

 

sense gravity and linear accleration

Term

 

 

2 membranous sacs at right angles

Definition

 

 

utricle and saccule

Term

 

 

 

 

stereocilia

Definition

 

 

 

 

long, stiff microvilla that are covered w/ gel like membrane

Term

 

 

 

 

kinicilium

Definition

 

 

 

a long cilium on each hair cell

Term

 

 

 

otoliths

Definition

 

 

tiny rocks on the membrane that move with gravity of linear accelaration

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