Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch 19 Blood Vessels
Terminology and Pathologies
67
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/28/2018

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Arteries
Definition
Efferent vessels of the cardiovascular system that carries blood away from the heart
Term
Arterioloes
Definition
A small branch of an artery leading into the capillaries
Term
Metarterioles
Definition
Short vessels that link arterioles to capillaries
Term
Capillaries
Definition
Microscopic, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the arterioles to the venules
Term
Venules
Definition
Short vessels that link capillaries to veins
Term
Veins
Definition
Afferent blood vessels of the cardiovascular system that carry blood towards the heart
Term
Tunica Interna
Definition
Innermost layer of the blood vessel
Term
Endothelium
Definition
Single layer of epithelial cells that act as a selectively permeable barrier that secretes vasoconstrictors and repels blood cells and platelets to let them flow freely and not stick to vessel walls
Term
Internal Elastic Membrane/Lamina
Definition
Membrane made of elastic fibers to stretch more than 100% of its size and is the outermost layer of the Tunica Interna that is found only in the artery
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
Middle layer of the blood vessel made of smooth muscle, elastin and collagen fibers for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Term
External Elastic Membrane/Lamina
Definition
Membrane found only in some arteries, especially in the bigger elastic arteries
Term
Tunica Externa/Adventitia
Definition
Outermost layer, made of loose connective tissue, mainly collagen and elastin fibers that helps anchor the vessels
Term
Continuous Capillaries
Definition
Most common and least permeable capillary
Term
Fenestrated Capillaries
Definition
Vessel with large pores/holes to increase permeability which makes it excel at areas of active filtration
Term
Sinusoid Capillaries
Definition
Most permeable vessel so they can absorb many nutrients and for large substances to leave through the large holes/pores
Term
Capillary Network/Bed
Definition
An area filled with interweaving capillaries with pre-capillary sphincters
Term
Pre-Capillary Sphincters
Definition
Formation made from smooth muscles found in the Capillary Bed/Networks that will constrict and block blood flow in order to make sure the body gets the least amount of blood necessary to maintain homeostasis
Term
Thoroughfare Channel
Definition
The direct flow between the Metarteriole and Venule that bypasses most of the Capillary Network/Bed to create a Vascular Shunt
Term
Vascular Shunt
Definition
The most direct way through a Capillary Bed/Network that requires the least amount of effort required by the body
Term
Valves (in the vein)
Definition
Folds in the Tunica Interna that has 2 flaps that overlap to prevent back flow of the blood
Term
Bulk Flow/Capillary Exchange
Definition
The exchange of substances between the capillaries and interstitial fluid of the tissues
Term
Starling's Law of the Capillaries
Definition
Whether fluid moves in or out depends on these forces (Net Osmotic and Hydrostatic Pressure) and how they relate to each other
Term
Interstitial Space
Definition
Extracellular matrix that cells float around in
Term
Net Hydrostatic Pressure
Definition
The total Hydrostatic Pressure between the Capillary and Interstitial fluid Hydrostatic Pressure created from the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels
Term
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
Definition
The Hydrostatic Pressure from the blood slamming against the walls of capillaries attempting to leave the vessel
Term
Interstitial Space Hydrostatic Pressure
Definition
The Hydrostatic Pressure in the Interstitial Space that pushes against the Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
Term
Net Osmotic Pressure
Definition
The total Osmotic Pressure between the Capillary and Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure that is generated from the plasma proteins in the Interstitial Fluid
Term
Blood/Capillary Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP)
Definition
The osmotic pressure inside the blood vessel that pulls solutes into the capillaries
Term
Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure
Definition
The Osmotic Pressure in the Interstitial Space that attempts to push the solutes away from the capillaries
Term
Net Filtration Pressure
Definition
The difference between the Net Osmotic Pressure and Net Hydrostatic Pressure
Term
Pulse Pressure
Definition
The difference between Systolic and Diastolic Pressure
Term
Blood Pressure
Definition
A measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls
Term
Systolic Arterial Pressure
Definition
The measurement of pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole
Term
Diastolic Pressure
Definition
The measurement of pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole
Term
Auscultatory Method
Definition
The most common method of blood pressure measurement
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
The cuff that physicians wrap around their patient's arm and pump air into in order to block the blood flow in the patient's arm
Term
Stethoscope
Definition
Medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing
Term
Korotkoff Sounds
Definition
The sounds of blood flowing that appear and disappear as the sphygmomanometer is inflated and deflated
Term
Varicose Veins
Definition
Dilated veins with stretched vessel walls and incompetent valves that increase the risk of a thrombus or embolus
Term
Hemorrhoids
Definition
Varicose anal veins
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of the veins
Term
Thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of the veins caused by a blood clot
Term
Deep vein Thrombosis (DVT)/Economy-Class Syndrome
Definition
Formation of blood clots in deep veins that usually come from sitting in long flights, cramped space, or prolonged sitting
Term
Wet Gangrene
Definition
Dead tissue caused by a bacterial infection in the tissue that cause swelling and blistering
Term
Dry Gangrene
Definition
Caused by a lack of blood flow to the tissue that mostly affects the edges of the body like the fingers, toes, or limbs. It could also damage the organs and muscles
Term
Edema
Definition
Abnormal increase in Interstitial Fluid resulting from less than normal reabsorption at the Venule end of the capillary network/bed
Term
Hypotension
Definition
Low blood pressure
Term
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension
Definition
A decrease in systolic or diastolic blood pressure when standing up when you are sitting or lying
Term
Hypertension
Definition
High blood pressure
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Fatty deposits that form in the vessel walls that decrease the lumen size and create a rough surface which create a blood clot
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
The end result of Atherosclerosis where the vessels become less elastic due to the plaque deposits
Term
Perfusion
Definition
Passage of fluid through the circulatory or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue
Term
Compensated/Non-Progressive Shock
Definition
1st stage of Circulatory Shock where the blood pressure decreases moderately, but normal levels are reestablished by regulatory mechanisms
Term
Progressive Shock
Definition
2nd Stage of Circulatory Shock where the regulatory mechanisms that controls the blood pressure can't compensate for the loss of blood volume. Requires medical intervention
Term
Irreversible Shock
Definition
3rd Stage of Circulatory Shock where the lack of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body's tissues and leads to extensive tissue damage and death
Term
Cardiogenic Shock
Definition
A possible mechanism that could lead to Circulatory Shock that is caused by pump failure in the heart
Term
Hypovolemic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock from the low blood volume and another name for Hemorrhagic Shock
Term
Hemorrhagic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock from low blood volume and another name for Hypovolemic Shock
Term
Distributive Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock caused from the body's tissues and organs not receiving enough blood in the capillaries
Term
Plasma Loss Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock from the loss of plasma in the interstitial spaces that makes the blood volume decrease and blood viscosity increase
Term
Anesthetic Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock from anesthesia depressing the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata
Term
Neurogenic Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock from a head injury or brain damage
Term
Sepsis
Definition
When toxins cause certain cells in the body to release substances that trigger inflammation which causes the blood vessels to dilate resulting in a decreased blood pressure
Term
Septic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock from an organ undergoing sepsis that can lead to Vascular Shock
Term
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Definition
A hole in the Aorta due to the body not closing the Ductus Arteriosus
Term
Pulmonary Emboli
Definition
Blood clots that block arteries within the lungs
Term
Syncope
Definition
A sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure, which starves the brain of oxygen and nutrients making the brain shut down temporarily
Supporting users have an ad free experience!