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Ch. 19 Blood
Lecture Exam #4
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/11/2011

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Term
What type of tissue is blood?
Definition
Connective Tissue
Term
What is the functions of blood?
Definition
Protection from infectious agents, Hemostasis (blood's mechanism to stop bleeding), transportation of gasses, nutrients, waste, hormones, drugs and infectious agents and regulation of bodily fluid (pH and body temp).
Term
What is hematocrit?
Definition
The total volume of whole blood occupied by cellular elements.
Term
What is whole blood?
Definition
RBC, WBC, platelets, etc.
Term
What is plasma?
Definition
The matrix of blood and constitutes 55% of whole blood.
Term
How much of whole blood is RBC?
Definition
45%
Term
How much of whole blood is platelets and WBC's?
Definition
<1%
Term
What is anemia?
Definition
Low hematocrit. <4.5 million/mm3 RBC.
Term
What is polycythemia?
Definition
high hematocrit. >5.5 million/mm3 RBC.
Term
How do you calculate the hematocrit?
Definition
RBC / Total Blood Volume. (normal around 45%)
Term
What is in the plamsa?
Definition
90% H20, 10% mixture of gasses, electrolytes, hormones, proteins, drugs, waste products and infectious agents.
Term
What affects total blood volume?
Definition
Body size, injury, gender and changes to plasma volume.
Term
What is hemoglobin?
Definition
Protein located inside the RBC which has 4 heme groups.
Term
What is in each heme group?
Definition
1 iron atom.
Term
What is oxyhemoglobin?
Definition
Hemoglobin with oxygen.
Term
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
Definition
Hb without oxygen.
Term
What is carbaminohemoglobin?
Definition
Hb w/ CO2.
Term
What is leukopenia?
Definition
<5,000/mm3 WBC.
Term
What is leukocytosis?
Definition
>10,000/mm3 WBC.
Term
What are the 2 kinds of WBC's?
Definition
granular(w/ granules in cytoplasm) and agranular(w/o granules in cytoplasm).
Term
What are the granular WBC's?
Definition
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil.
Term
What are the agranular WBC's?
Definition
"cytes" - Lymphocyte and monocyte.
Term
List WBC's in order of most common -> least common.
Definition
Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil.
Term
What are the 2 kinds of lymphocytes?
Definition
T-Cells and B-Cells.
Term
What are the 2 kinds of T-Lymphocyte cells?
Definition
Helper T-Cell (CD4) and Cytotoxic (CD8).
Term
What is the CD4 function?
Definition
coordinates and controls all immune processes. (HIV attacks this cell)
Term
What is the CD8 function?
Definition
Attacks viral infected cells so viruses cannot reproduce. Attacks tumor cells. This cell is responsible for tissue rejection.
Term
What is the B-Lymphocyte's function?
Definition
Makes antibodies.
Term
What is monocytes function?
Definition
Phagocytosis
Term
What is neutrophil's function?
Definition
Phagocytize bacteria.
Term
What is eosinophil's function?
Definition
Kills parasitic worms.
Term
What is basophil's function?
Definition
Promotes inflammation.
Term
What are thrombocytes?
Definition
Platelets. Cell fragments of megakaryocytes. Functions in hemostasis.
Term
What is thrombocytopenia?
Definition
<250,000/mm3 Platelets
Term
What is thrombocytosis?
Definition
>400,000/mm3 platelets.
Term
What is an antigen (Ag)?
Definition
Surface marker. In RBC's, it says that cell belongs to you.
Term
What is an antibody (Ab)?
Definition
Comes from B-Cells in plasma. If a foreign antigen interacts with 1 of your antibodies, the blood with aglutinate (clump).
Term
What does 0+ mean?
Definition
O has neither A or B antigens, has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, has Rh antigen as well.
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