Term
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Definition
Inhabit all biomes including oceans, north and south poles
Feather is defining feature (present in some theropod dinosaurs)
Forelimbs modified as wings
Hindlimbs adapted to walking, swimming, or perching
Keratinized beaks (no teeth)
Scaled legs
All birds lay shelled eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| Lrg feathered tyrannosauroid from northern China |
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Term
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Definition
Endotherms
Lightweight pneumatized bones
Efficient respiratory, digestive, circulatory systems
Superb sensory systems for headfirst, high velocity flight
Feathered wings and tail |
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Term
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Definition
First feather discovered in 1861
Roughly size of modern raven
Had teeth and clawed fingers, abdominal ribs, long bony tail
Feathers were imprinted along wings, tail, legs |
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Term
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Definition
Adaptive radiation into 30 modern orders
Passerine songbirds make up more than half of all bird species |
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Term
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Definition
Neonithes (living birds)
Paleognathae (large, flightless, flat sternum)
Neognathae (keeled sternum,flight muscles) |
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Term
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Definition
Homologous to scale in reptiles
Hollow quill emerges from a skin follicle and continues as a rachis
Hundreds of barbs on rachis form the vane
Up to 1,200 velcro-like barbules per barb
Preening and molting |
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Term
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Definition
Feathers may outweigh its skeleton
Pneumatized bones
Vertebrae fused except for the cervical vertebrae
Fusion and reduction in # of bones in forelimbs
Kinetic skull evolved from diaspid ancestor
Ribs are braced against each other w/ uncinate processes
Sternum bears a lrg keel for anchorage of flight muscles (except flightless birds) |
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Term
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Definition
Reveal food habits
Vary between seed-eaters and insect eaters |
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Term
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Definition
Depress the wing in flight and are attached to the keel
Comprises 15% of total body mass |
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Term
Supracoracoideus Muscles
(3) |
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Definition
Raises the wing, is attached to keel
Positioned under pectoralis muscles
"Rope and pulley" type of movement |
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Term
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Definition
Thigh is main muscle mass in leg
Connections to feet and toes by long tendons
Toe-locking mechanism prevents bird from falling off branch while asleep
Same mechanism used to grip prey during a strike |
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Term
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Definition
Lrg 4 chambered heart
Strong ventricular walls
High pressure
Rapid heartbeat
Complete separation of respiratory and systemic circuits (as in mammals) |
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Term
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Definition
Most efficient of any vertebrate
Supplies O2 to flight muscles and sheds excess heat
Continuous respiration w/ lungs and air sacs |
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Term
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Definition
Wing is streamlined w/ concave lower surface (cambered)
Leading edge of the wing has smaller tight-fitting feathers
Over two-thirds of the lift from negative pressure from the airstream flowing further over the convex top of the wing |
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Term
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Definition
Advanced parental care including monogamy and cooperative care
Vocalizations
Migratory species (migrate by earth's magnetic field and celestial cues)
Flocking
Nest building and tool use |
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