Reformers

p. 241

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Textbook Definition:  People who work to correct failings or injustices.

Sentence: American reformers devoted themselves to such causes as ending slavery, promoting women's rights, and improving education.

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Second Great Awakening

p. 242

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Textbook Definition: A revival oof religious feeling and belief in the 1820's and 1830's 

Sentence: Church leaders called this period the Second Great Awakening.

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Transcendentalism

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: A philosophy which taught that people should "transcend" (go beyond) logical thinking to reach true understanding with the help of emotion and intuition.

Sentence: In New England, Ralph Waldo Emerson, a former minister, was the central figure in a movement called transcendentalism

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Public Schools

p. 245

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Textbook Definition: Schools that are paid for by taxes and managed by local government for the benefit of the general public.

Sentence: Few ither areas had public schools-schools paid for by taxes.

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Abolitionists

p. 246

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Textbook Definition: People who favored abolition, the ending of slavery.

Sentence: By the 1830's, growing numbers of abolitionists were asking this question.

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Declaration of Sentiments

p. 249

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Textbook Definition: A formal statement of injustices suffered by women, written by the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention.

Sentence:  The convention organizers modeled their proposal for women's rights, The Declaration of Sentiments , on the Declaration of Independence.

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Sojourner Truth

p. 246

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Textbook Definition: A former slave

Sentence: Sojourner Truth, a former slave, gave speeches throughout the North against slavery and, later, in favor of women's rights.

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Charles G. Finney

p. 242

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Textbook Definition: A leader of the Second Great Awakening.

Sentence: Preachers like Charles G. Finney, urged Christians to let themselves be "be filled with the Spirit of God."

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: A former minister

Sentence: Ralph Waldo Emerson was the  central figure in a movement called transcendentalism.

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Henry David Thoreau

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: Emerson's friend Henry David Thoreau captured the new individualism in a famous essay.

Sentence: Thoreau spent more than two years in slitude , recording his thoughts in a 6,000-page journal.

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George Ripley

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: In 1841, George Ripley started a community called Brook Farm .

Sentence: The comminity that George Ripley founded was near Boston.

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Brook Farm 

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: In 1841, George Ripley started a community called Brook Farm near Boston. 

 Sentence: Residents at Brook Farm tried to live in a "brotherly cooperation" instead of competing with each other , as people in the larger society

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Walden

p. 243

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Textbook Definition: In the book Walden, transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau wrote of building a cabin in the woods. 

Sentence: In the book Walden he described that he meditated there.

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Dortothea Dix

p. 244

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Textbook Definition: One day in 1841, a Boston women named Dorothea Dix agreed to teach Sunday school at jail.

Sentence: Dorothea Dix was horrified to see that many inmates were bound in chains and locked in cages.

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Horace Mann

p. 245

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Textbook Definition: The man who led this movement was Horace Mann, "the father of American public schools."

Sentence: As a boy in Massachusetts in the early 1800's, Horace Mann attended school only ten weeks in a year.

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Oberlin College

pp. 246, 249

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Textbook Definition: In 1837, Ohio's Oberlin College became the first college to admit women as well as men. 

Sentence: When Lucy Stone graduated from Oberlin College , the faculty invited her to write a speech.

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William Lloyd Garrison

p. 247

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Textbook Definition: A deeply religious white man.

Sentence: In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison , started a fiery abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator.

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The Liberator

p. 247

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Textbook Definition:  The Liberator was a fiery abolitionist newspaper.

Sentence: A deeply religious man, William Llyod Garrison started the Liberator.

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Frederick Douglass

p. 247, 250

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Textbook Definition: One day, Garrison heard an escaped slave , Frederick Douglass, speaking to a meeting of abolitionists.

Sentence: Frederick Douglass quickly became leader in the abolitionist movement .

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the North Star

p. 247

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Textbook Definition: A brilliant

, independent thinker, Douglass eventually started his own newspaper, North Star.

Sentence: The North Star's motto read motto read, "Right is of no sex -Truth is of no color-God is father of us all, and we all Brethren.

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Angelina and Sarah Grimke

p. 247-248

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Textbook Definition: Angelina and her sister Sarah had been raised in South Carolina slaveholding family.

Sentence: Angelina and Sarah began speaking out the poverty and pain of slavery.

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Grimke Sisters

p. 247-248

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Textbook Definition: The Grimke sisters began speaking out the poverty and pain of slavery

Sentence: The Grimke sisters led the way for other women to speak in public.

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Quaker

p. 246-249

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Textbook Definition: Quakers stopped owning slaves in 1776. 

Sentence: The Grimke sister became Quakers.

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Wilson Chinn

p. 247

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Textbook Definition: A branded slave from Louisiana

Sentence: Wilson Chinn was chained with irons.

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Theodore Weld 

p. 247

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Textbook Definition: Thedore Weld, who studied for the ministry, preached the sinfulness of slavery. 

Sentence: Thedore Weld was an organizer for the American Anti-Slavery Society, he wrote influential pamphlets and trained speakers who helped spread the abolitionist "gospel."

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American Anti-slavery Society

p.  247,328

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Textbook Definition:Thedore Weld was an organizer for the American Anti-Slavery Society, he wrote influential pamphlets and trained speakers who helped spread the abolitionist "gospel."

 Sentence: The American Anti-Slavery Society declared the Fifteenth Amendment to be "the capstone and completion of our movement; the fufillment of our own pledge to the Negro race.

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Prudence Crandell

p. 246, 248

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Textbook Definition: When Prudence Crandell admitted an Afircan American girl to her girls' school in Connecticut, white parents took their children out of school.

Sentence: Prudence Crandall responded to by having all African American students.

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Lucretia Mott

p. 248-250

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Textbook Definition: The organized movement for women's rights was sparked by the friendship between Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Sentence: By the time Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott left London, they had decided, "to hold convention...and form a society to advocate the rights of women."

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

p. 248-250

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Textbook Definition: The organized movement for women's rights was sparked by the friendship between Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Sentence:  By the time Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott left London, they had decided, "to hold convention...and form a society to advocate the rights of women."

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Elizabeth Blackwell 

p. 249

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Textbook Definition: Stone's sister-in-law, Elizabeth Blackwell, wanted to be a doctor.

Sentence: Elizabeth Blackwell became the the country's first female doctor.

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Seneca Falls Convention

p. 249-250

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Textbook Definition: On July 19, 1848, almost 300 people, including 40 men, arrived for the Seneca Falls Conevention.

Sentence:  Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention.
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Charlotte Woodward

p. 250

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Textbook Definition:A nineteen year-olf factory worker.
 Sentence: "Every fiber of my being," she said, "redbelled all that ours that i sat and sewed gloves for a miserable pittance which, after it was earned, could never be mine."

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