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Ch. 17 Part 4
Lecture Exam #4
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/07/2011

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Cards

Term
What are suspensory ligaments?
Definition
Suspends the lens behind the pupil and attaches to the ciliary body.
Term
What is the lens?
Definition
Flexible structure located in the body of the eye between the pupil and the vitreous humor that focuses light rays entering through the pupil to form an image on the retina.
Term
What happens to the lens when viewing near objects?
Definition
Ligaments loosen tension on the lens and the lens becomes fatter.
Term
What happens to the lens when viewing objects far away?
Definition
Ligaments tighten, which increases the tension on the lens, making the lens thin.
Term
What are cataracts?
Definition
Clouding of the lens; can lead to reversable blindness
Term
What is the iris?
Definition
Muscle; colored part of the eye; diaphragm which controls how much light enters by controlling the diameter of the pupil
Term
What is the pupil?
Definition
The central opening of the iris.
Term
What is the cornea?
Definition
Part of the sclera; admits light into the eye
Term
What is the anterior cavity?
Definition
Located between the lens and cornea; splits into 2 chambers.
Term
What is the anterior chamber?
Definition
Located between the iris and cornea, filled with aqueous fluid.
Term
What is the posterior chamber?
Definition
Located between the lens and iris and is filled with aqueous fluid.
Term
What is the sclera sinus?
Definition
Collects the aqueous fluid and rids it from the eyeball
Term
What is glaucoma?
Definition
Caused by either overproduction of aqueous fluid or the sclera sinus is clogged, thus leading to too much aqueous fluid in the eye, which puts pressure on the retinal artery which can lead to permanent blindess.
Term
What is the aqueous humor?
Definition
A serous fluid secreted by the ciliary body into the anterior cavity.
Term
What is the vitreous humor?
Definition
Transparent jelly that fills the vitreous chamber behind the lens. Keeps the retina pressed against the inner surface of the vitreous chamber.
Term
What 2 structures comprises the outer ear?
Definition
Auricle (pinna) and auditory canal.
Term
What 5 structures comprise the middle ear?
Definition
Begins with the tympanic membrane, eustachian tube, auditory ossicles, stapedius and tensor tympani.
Term
What 5 structures comprise the inner ear?
Definition
The bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, basilar membrane, vestibular membrane, and spiral organ (organ of corti).
Term
What is the auricle (pinna)?
Definition
The cartilagenous, external, visible portion of the ear, minus the earlobe.
Term
What is the auricle's function?
Definition
To direct sound into the auditory canal.
Term
What is the auditory canal?
Definition
The passage through the temporal bone which starts at the external acoustic meatus and ends at the tympanic membrane.
Term
What is the auditory canal's function?
Definition
Protection of the middle and inner ear with guard hairs and cerumen.
Term
What is the function of cerumen?
Definition
It's sticky material coats the guard hairs which makes them more effective in BLOCKING FOREIGN MATERIAL from entering the auditory canal; contains lysozyme and has a low pH, which INHIBITS BACTERIAL GROWTH; WATERPROOFS the canal which keeps the skin and tympanic membrane from absorbing water.
Term
What is the outer ear's function?
Definition
Funnel for conducting airborne vibrations to the tympanic membrane.
Term
What is the middle ear's function?
Definition
Converts soundwaves into vibrations
Term
What is the inner ear's function?
Definition
Equilibrium
Term
What is the tympanic membrane?
Definition
(Eardrum)Beginning of the middle ear; Closes the inner end of the auditory canal(outer ear) and separates it from the middle ear.
Term
What is the eustachian tube?
Definition
Normally flattened, closed tube. Opens when yawning and chewing which allows air to enter or leave the tympanic cavity.
Term
What is the function of the eustachian tube?
Definition
Plays a role in equalizing pressure from middle ear and outer ear.
Term
What 3 bones comprise the auditory ossicles?
Definition
Malleus, incus and stapes.
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