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Ch. 17 Hormones
N/A
65
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/19/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Growth Hormone

Definition

 

 

 

Targets- skeletal muscles and bones

Term

 

 

 

 

TSH

(Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- thyroid gland

Term

 

 

 

 

T4

(Thyroxine)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- liver, most cells

Term

 

 

 

 

T3

(Triiodothyronine)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- liver, most cells

Term

 

 

 

 

FSH

(Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Testes or Ovaries

Term

 

 

 

 

LH

(Lutinizing Hormone)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Testes or Ovaries

Term

 

 

 

 

ADH

(Antidiuretic Hormone)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Kidneys

Term

 

 

 

 

 

OT

(Oxytocin)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Uterus and mammary glands

Term

 

 

 

 

PRL

(Prolactin)

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

Targets- Mammary glands

Term

 

 

 

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Adrenal Cortex

Term

 

 

 

 

Calcitonin

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Bone and Kidneys

Term

 

 

 

(PTH)

Parathyroid Hormone

Definition

 

 

 

Targets- Bone and Kidneys

Term

 

 

 

 

Mineralocortcoids

Definition

 

 

 

 

Type of Steroid

Targets- Kidneys

Term

 

 

 

 

Glococorticoids

Definition

 

 

 

Type of steroids

Targets- Most cells in the body, releases amino acids

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Aldosterone

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Testes and Ovaries

Term

 

 

 

 

Cortisol

Definition

 

 

 

Targets- liver 

Stimulates neurosecretory cells to release CRH

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Testosterone

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Testes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Estrogen

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Targets- Ovaries

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Most major cells

Secreted by te Adrenal Medulla

Term

 

 

 

 

Insulin

Definition

 

 

 

 

Targets- Liver

Helps with blood glucose levels

Term

 

 

 

 

Second Messenger Systems

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

-Water soluble

-Require indirect gene action

-Hormones trigger something to happen inside the cell

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Permissive Effects

Definition

 

 

 

First hormone has to give permission to the second hormone

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Synergistic Effects

Definition

 

 

 

 

They increase each other, together they work really good

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Antagonistic Effects

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

One increases the level, the other decreases the level.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hormone secretion is regulated by

Definition

 

 

 

 

neural signals, chemical changes in the blood, and other hormones

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Negative Feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

hormone is turned off when you don't need it anymore

Term

 

 

 

 

Positive Feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

Keeps making and secreting hormone until the needed level is achieved.

Term

 

 

 

 

Hypothalamus

Definition

 

 

 

-controls the activity of the pituitary gland

-all hormones are releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Pituitary Gland

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

-Anterior lobe is 75%, Posterior is 25%

-Tropic hormones from hypothalamus

-Posterior: neurosecretory cells

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Adenohypophyseal hormones

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

-all exert actions on target cells via a second messenger

-hormones are water soluble

Term

 

 

 

 

Adenohypophyseal hormones include:

Definition

 

 

 

 

4 tropic hormones:

TSH, FSH, ACTH, LH

2 that affect non-endocrine organs:

GH, PRL (Prolactin)

Term

 

 

 

 

Growth hormone

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

-Produced by somatotropic cells of anterior pituitary

-Targets bones and skeletal muscles

Term

 

 

 

 

Function of Growth Hormone

Definition

 

 

 

-stimulates uptake of amino acids for protein synthesis

-stimulates fat usage

-promotes glycogen breakdown

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Definition

 

 

 

-Secreted by the anterior pituitary

-promotes normal development of the Thyroid gland

-Release of TSH is triggered by TRH

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Gonadotropins

(FSH and LH)

Definition

 

 

 

-Released by gonadotropes of anterior pituitary

-regulate gonads

-FSH: sperm and egg production

-LH: E2, Progesterone, Testosterone

Term

 

 

 

 

Prolactin

(PRL)

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Released by anterior pituitary

-Stimulates milk production

-Targets: mammary glands

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

(ACTH)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid (stress) hormones

-Release is regulated by CRH

Term

 

 

 

 

Posterior Pituitary

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Secretes ADH and OT

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Oxytocin

(OT)

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Targets the uterus and mammary glands during and after delivery

Term

 

 

 

 

Antidiuretic Hormone

(ADH)

Definition

 

 

 

-Decreases urine production

-kidneys return water to blood

-increase blood pressure

 

Term

 

 

 

Thyroid Hormones

Definition

 

 

 

 

-T3, T4, Calcitonin

Term

 

 

 

Functions of T3 and T4

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Direct gene action

-increase cells basal metabolic rates

-increase body heat production

-Maintaining BP

-regulator of tissue growth

-Lipid soluble

Term

 

 

 

Hyperthyroidism

Definition

 

 

 

-Increase TH release

-increased metabolism, sweating, and weight loss

-stimulates the thyroid gland too much

Term

 

 

 

 

Hypothyroidism

Definition

 

 

 

-low metabolism, lethargy, mental sluggishness, dry skin

-may have an enlarged thyroid

-not making T3 and T4 correctly

Term

 

 

 

 

Calcitonin

Definition

 

 

 

-produced by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland

-lowers blood calcium

-direct ANTAGONIST of parathyroid hormone

-Inhibits osteoclasts in bone

Term

 

 

 

 

Parathyroid Gland

Definition

 

 

 

-INCREASES blood calcium levels

-stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone

-enhances reabsorption of calcium by kidneys

-increases absorption of calcium by intestines

-GIVES PERMISSION FOR CALCITROL TO BE RELEASED

Term

 

 

 

 

Adrenal Gland

Definition

 

 

 

 

Cortex-outside

Medulla-inside

Term

 

 

 

 

Adrenal Cortex

Definition

 

 

 

 

3 zones: mineralcorticoids, glcocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

-made of connective tissue

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Definition

 

 

-synthesized from cholesterol

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Glucocorticoids Functions

Definition

 

 

 

 

-produced by zona fasciculata

-protein breakdown

-glucose formation

-triglyceride breakdown

-resistance to stress

-anti-inflammatory effects

-depression of immune responses

Term

 

 

 

Mineralocorticoids

Definition

 

 

 

-produced by zona glomerulosa

-regulation of electrolyte concentrations

-aldosterone

Term

 

 

 

Aldosterone

Definition

 

 

-functions in maintaining sodium ion balance

-reduces excretion of sodium

-targets kidneys

Term

 

 

 

 

Gonadocorticoids

Definition

 

 

 

-produced by zona reticularis

-androgens-testosterone and estrogen

-regulated by ACTH

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Adrenal Medulla

Definition

 

 

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

-activated during 'fight or flight'

Term

 

 

 

 

Pancreas

Definition

 

 

 

-Blood glucose level regulation

-sits posterior to the stomach

-(mono)glucose-->(poly)glycogen

Term

 

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

 

 

Glucagon

 

Definition

 

 

 

Targets-liver

-causes release of glucose into blood

-breakdown of glycogen to glucose

 

too much glucose-create glycogen

too little glucose-take from glycogen storage

Term

 

 

 

Insulin

Definition

 

 

Targets- liver

-join glucose together to form glycogen

-convert glucose to fat

-blood sugar is too high

Term

 

 

 

 

Gonads

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

(ovaries or testes)

-secreted by anterior pituitary

(estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, androgens)

Term

 

 

 

Testes

Definition

 

 

 

 

-Produce testosterone

Term

 

 

 

 

Ovaries

Definition

 

 

 

-produce eggs, estrogen, and progesterone

Term

 

 

 

 

Estrogen

Definition

 

 

 

-responsible for maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Estrogen and Progesterone

Definition

 

 

 

-responsible for breast development and cyclic changes in uterine lining

Term

 

 

 

 

Pineal Gland

Definition

 

 

 

 

-secretes melatonin

-sets the body's biological clock

-promotes sleepiness

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