Term
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Definition
Comprised of all vertebrates except tetrapods
Paraphyletic
Aquatic vertebrates w/ gills, fins, dermal scales |
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Term
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Definition
| One or more individuals of one species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Descended from unknown free-swimming protochordate ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| The Devonian Period (419-358 m.y.a) |
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Term
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Definition
Jawless
Extinct Ostracoderms
Living Hagfishes
Living Lampreys |
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Term
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Definition
Jawed
Extinct Placoderms
Extinct Acanthodians
Living Chondrichthyes
Living Osteichthyes
All of the Tetrapods (humans) |
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Term
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Definition
Infraphylum
Monophyletic group w/ ostracoderm ancestor
Jaws modified at first 2 cartilaginous gill arches
Placoderms large armored jawed fishes
Acanthodians diversified into modern bony fishes |
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Term
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Definition
| Placoderms or Acanthodians??? |
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Term
Entelognathus primordialis
(3) |
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Definition
Discovered in China in 2013
419 mill year old placoderm fish from the Silurian
Has features of both placoderms and bony fishes |
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Term
Wolrd's First Apex Predator
(3) |
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Definition
Dunkleosteus terrelli
1,660 lbs/ sq in. of bite force
Bite through bone and easily shear shark |
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Term
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Definition
Assemblage of jawless fishes
NOT A TRUE CLADE |
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Term
Extant Jawless Fishes Lack:
(4) |
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Definition
Jaws
Internal ossification
Scales
Paired fins |
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Term
Extant Jawless Fishes Have:
(2) |
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Definition
Pore-like gill openings
Eel-like bodies |
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Term
| Extant Jawless Fishes Classes |
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Definition
Myxini (hagfishes)
Pteromyzontida (Lampreys) |
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Term
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Definition
All marine
Predators and scavengers (bore into carcasses)
Nearly blind
Acute sense of smell |
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Term
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Definition
Marine and freshwater
Parasitic (attaches to host via sucker-like oral disc, sharp teeth rasp through flesh)
Non-parasitic (Don't feed as adults, digestive tract degenerates, spawn and die) |
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Term
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Definition
Clade of cartilaginous fishes
Mostly marine
Bone completely absent (Skeletons can be extensively calcified or phosphatized
Descended from bony ancestor |
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Term
Class Chrondrichthyes Facts
(4) |
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Definition
Well-developed sense organs
Powerful jaws
Heavier than water, most constantly move
Body Hydrodynamic |
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Term
Class Chrondrichthyes Subclasses
(2) |
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Definition
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)
Holocephali (Chimaeras) |
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Term
Subclass Elasmobranchii
(5) |
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Definition
5-7 pairs of gill slits
Asymmetrical heterocercal tail (provides thrust and lift)
Tough leathery skin w/ tooth-like placoid scales
Sensitive olfactory organs
Can be guided by bioelectric fields |
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Term
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Definition
| Electroreceptors on shark's head |
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Term
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Definition
Senses low frequency vibrations
Neuromasts (Mechanoreceptors) |
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Term
Subclass Elasmobranchii Rays
(3) |
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Definition
Dorsoventrally flattened bodies w/ greatly enlarged pectoral fins
Teeth adapted for crushing prey
Modified dorsal respiratory spiracle and ventral gill slits |
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Term
Superclass Osteichthyes
(6) |
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Definition
Bony fishes
Paraphyletic
Tetrapods share ancestor w/ lobe-finned fishes
Bone replaces cartilage
Swim bladder
Bony operculum over gills (increases respiratory efficiency) |
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Term
Superclass Osteichthyes Classes
(2) |
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Definition
Class Actinopterygii
Class Sarcopterygii |
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Term
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Definition
Ray-finned fishes
Heavily armored w/ ganoid scales
Heterocercal caudal fins
Modern teleost fishes
Dermal armor replaced w/ light, thin, flexible cycloid and ctenoid scales
Symmetrical Homocercal tail (speed)
Jaw modified to protrude and suction food |
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Term
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Definition
Lobe-finned fishes
Eight extant species (6 lungfishes, 2 coelacanths)
Pectoral and pelvic fins supported by stout bones and strong muscles
Both gills and lungs |
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Term
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Definition
Believed to be extinct for 70 million years
Rediscovered off the East coast of Africa in 1938 |
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