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Ch. 14
14.1, 14.2, 14.7
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2010

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Term
the walls of the diencephalon are composed of
Definition
left and right thalamus
Term
the hypothalamus (or floor of the diencephalon)
Definition
contains centers involved with emotions, autonomic function and hormone production.
Term
thalamus
Definition
relay and processing centers for sensory information
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone productions
Term
mesencephalon
Definition
processing of visual and auditory data, generation of reflexive somatic motor responses, maintenance of consciousness.
Term
pons
Definition
relay sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus, subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
relays sensory information to thalamus and other portions of the brain stem, autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
coordinates complex somatic motor patterns, adjusts output of other somatic motor centers.
Term
Which two entities are responsible for the integration of the nervous and endocrine systems?
Definition
the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
Term
the brain stem includes:
Definition
the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata
Term
mesencephalon (midbrain)
Definition
contains nuclei that process visual and auditory information and control reflexes triggered by these stimuli. For example: immediate responses to unexpected noise.
Term
the pons (latin for bridge)
Definition
contains nuclei involved with somatic and visceral motor control
Term
the medulla oblongata
Definition
relays sensory information to the thelamus and to centers in other portions of the brain stem. It also contains major centers that regulate autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
Term
The CNS begins as a hollow cylinder known as the:
Definition
neural tube
Term
The primary brain vesicles (3 weeks)
Definition
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Term
secondary brain vesicles (6 weeks)
Definition
telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
Term
brain regions at birth:
Definition
cerebrum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and pons, medulla oblongata
Term
each cerebral hemisphere contains a large:
Definition
lateral ventricle
Term
a thin medial partition separates the two lateral ventricles, it is called:
Definition
the septum pellucidum
Term
Because there are two lateral ventricles, the ventricle in the diencephalon is called the:
Definition
third ventricle
Term
although the two lateral ventricles are not directly connected, each communicates with the third ventricle of the diencephalon through an:
Definition
intraventricular foramen (foramen of Monro).
Term
the mesencephalon has a slender canal known as the
Definition
aqueduct of midbrain. This passageway connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle.
Term
the neural tissue of the brain is biochemically isolated from the general circulation by the:
Definition
blood-brain barrier
Term
the layers that make up the cranial meninges are:
Definition
the cranial dura mater, cranial arachnoid mater, and pia mater.
Term
this cranial meninge consists of outer and inner fibrous layers with no epidural space superficial to itself.
Definition
dura mater
Term
this cranial meninge consists of the arachnoid membrane (an epithelial layer) and the cells and fibers of the arachnoid trabeculae that cross the subarachnoid space to the pia mater.
Definition
arachnoid mater.
Term
this cranial meninge sticks to the surface of the brain, anchored by the processes of astrocytes. It extends into every fold and accompanies the branches of cerebral blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain to reach internal structures:
Definition
pia mater
Term
a fold of dura mater that projects between cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure:
Definition
falx cerebri
Term
protects the cerebellare hemispheres and separates them from those of the cerebrum.
Definition
tentorium cerebelli
Term
the _________ lies within the tentorium cerebelli.
Definition
the transverse sinus
Term
divides the two cerebellar hemispheres along the midsagittal line inferior to the tentorium cerebelli.
Definition
the falx cerebelli
Term
what protects the brain in case of serious cranial trauma?
Definition
the cranial meninges and CSF
Term
at the _______ plexus, ependymal cells secrete CSF into ventricles.
Definition
choroid
Term
lateral apertures, median aperture, subarachnoid space
Definition
path of CSF
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
"water on the brain" is a problem seen in infants that have a problem with the reabsorption of CSF.
Term
a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) happens when:
Definition
the blood supply to a portion of the brain is shut off. affected neurons begin to die in a matter of minutes. (aka a stroke)
Term
specialized ependymal cells interconnected by tight junctions, surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus forming a:
Definition
blood-CSF barrier
Term
the posterior portion of the epithalamus contains the:
Definition
pineal gland
Term
the pineal gland is an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone:
Definition
melatonin
Term
this projection of gray matter extends into the ventricle from the thalamus on either side, although no fibers cross the midline.
Definition
interthalamic adhesion
Term
this integrates sensory information for projection to the cerebral cortex
Definition
pulvinar
Term
the _________ ________ nucleus of each thalamus receives visual information over the optic tract
Definition
lateral geniculate
Term
this relays auditory information to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex from specialized receptors of the inner ear:
Definition
medial geniculate nucleus
Term
these process sensory information including olfactory sensations. They also contain motor nuclei that control reflex movements associated with eating, such as chewing, licking and swallowing.
Definition
mammillary bodies
Term
immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, a narrow stalk called the __________ extends inferiorly, connecting the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
Definition
infundibulum
Term
the floor of the hypothalamus between the infundibulum and the mamillary bodies is the :
Definition
tuberal area
Term
secretes ADH, restricting water loss at the kidneys
Definition
supraoptic nucleus
Term
secretes oxytocin
Definition
paraventricular nucleus
Term
regulate body temp
Definition
preoptic areas
Term
coordinates day-night cycles of activity
Definition
suprachiasmatic nucleus
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