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Ch. 14,15,16
Cranial Nerves
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/18/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Function of Spinal Cord

Definition

 

 

 

- used for impulse conduction

 

 

 

- reflexes

Term

 

 

 

 

How long is the typical adult spinal cord?

Definition

 

 

 

16 -18 inch long

Term

 

 

 

 

Conus medullaris

Definition

 

 

official "end" of the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

Cauda equina

Definition

 

 

a group of nerve roots inferior to the conus medullaris that resembles a horse's tail

Term

 

 

 

Cervical (C4- T1)

Definition

 

 

intervates the upper limbs

Term

 

 

 

Lumbar(T9 -T12)

Definition

 

 

innervates the lower limbs

Term

 

 

 

Dura Mater

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

runs from f. magnum to S2; not part of periosteum of bone; epidural space

Term

 

 

 

Pia Mater

Definition

 

 

 

forms strands that anchors conus medullaris to coccyx aka filum terminale

Term

 

 

 

Cross Section

Definition

 

 

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

Term

 

 

 

What does the external white matter consist of?

Definition

 

 

 

 

bundles of myelinated axons; anterior, posterior, lateral funiculi; tracts cross in medulla

Term

 

 

 

What does the inner gray matter consist of?

Definition

 

 

 

cellbodies, association neurons; H-shaped or butterfly (horns); gray commissure

Term

 

 

 

 

2 Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Definition

 

 

 

Afferent Division and Efferent Division

Term

 

 

 

 

Afferent division contains...

Definition

 

 

somatic sensory, visceral sensory, special senses

Term

 

 

 

Efferent division contains...

Definition

 

 

somatic motor (voluntary); visceral motor/ autonomic (involuntary)

Term

 

 

 

Structure of PNS

Definition

 

 

nerves, ganglia, and receptors outside CNS

Term

 

 

 

Nerves in the PNS

Definition

 

 

 

bundles of axons, vessels, adipose; connective tissue coverings; cranial and spinal nevers, sensory and motor neurons

Term

 

 

 

Ganglia

Definition

 

 

cluster of cell bodies

Term

 

 

 

 

List the Cranial Nerves

Definition

1) Olfactory

 

2) Optic

 

3) Oculomtor

 

4) Trochlear

 

5) Trigeminal

 

6) Abducens

 

7) Facial

 

8) Vestibulocochlear

 

9)Glossopharyngeal

 

10) Vagus

 

11) Accessory

 

12) Hypoglossal

Term

 

 

 

I. Olfactory Nerve

Definition

 

 

Sensory = detection of odors; anosia (loss of smell)

 

 

Term

 

 

 

II Optic Nerve

Definition

 

 

Sensory = visual signals; optic chiasm; anopsia

Term

 

 

 

optic chiasm

Definition

 

 

point at which optic nerves converge

Term

 

 

 

 

III Oculomotor Nerve

Definition

 

 

Motor = innervates upper eyelide msucle; supplies superior, inferior, medial rectus and inferior oblique eye musces; lens muschle; iris muscle

Term

 

 

 

ptosis

Definition

 

 

upper eyelid dropp

Term

 

 

 

 

strabismus

Definition

 

 

eyes cont focus together

Term

 

 

 

IV Trochlear nerve

Definition

 

 

 

Motor = controls the supeiror oblique eye muscle; downwards, lateral movment impaired

Term

 

 

 

V  Trigeminal Nerve

Definition

 

 

Sensory = sensations from face, nose, mouth

 

Motor = chewing muscles

 

 

Term

 

 

 

3 divisions of the Trigeminal nerve

Definition

 

 

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Term

 

 

 

 

VI Abducens Nerve

Definition

 

 

Motor = innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle

Term

 

 

 

trigmeinal neuralgia

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

inflammation; can cause intense pulsating pain that lasts from minutes to hours

Term

 

 

 

Diplopia

Definition

 

 

double vision/ cross eyed

Term

 

 

 

VII  Facial Nerve

Definition

 

 

Sensory = Taste budds on anterior 2/3 tongue

 

Motor = innervates facial muscle, salivary glands, lacrimal (tear) glands

Term

 

 

 

 

Bell's Palsy

 

Definition

 

 

characterized by paralyzed facial muscles, eyelid droop, sagging corner of mouth

Term

 

 

 

VIII  Vestibulcochlear

Definition

 

 

Sensory = auditory balance sensations; vesitublar lesion (dizziness); cochelar lesion (deafness); no foramen enter through the internal auditory canal

Term

 

 

 

 

IX  Glossopharyngeal

 

 

Definition

 

 

Sensory = posterior tate buds, somatic snesory from throat/ear

 

Motor = innervates swallowing muscle, parotid gland

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

X  Vagus Nerve

Definition

 

 

 

Sensory = sensations from viscera

 

Motor = smooth muscles of viscera; cardiac muscle; muscles of larynx and most pharynx muscles

Term

 

 

 

XI  Accesory Muscles

Definition

 

 

 

Motor = innervates the trapezius, sterncleidomastoids; wouldnt be able to elevate shoulder or turn head to opposite side

Term

 

 

 

 

 

XI  Hypoglossal Nerves

Definition

 

 

Motor = innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Term

 

 

 

Number of spinal nerve pairs

Definition

 

 

31

Term

 

 

 

Structure of spinal nerve

Definition

 

 

arise form each cord segment; mixed nerves (sensory and motor) and two roots

Term

 

 

 

Two roots of the spinal nerves

Definition

 

 

Ventral/ Anterior roots = motor neurons

 

Dorsal/Posterior Roots = sensory neurons

Term

 

 

 

Rami

Definition

 

 

when the nerve splits once the spinal nerve leaves the intervertebral foramen

Term

 

 

 

Plexuses

Definition

 

 

formed by nerves which are net work of anterior rami of spinal nerves

Term

 

 

 

Cervical Plexus

Definition

 

 

C1-C4; nerves run to head and neck

Term

 

 

 

 

Brachial

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

C5-T1; nerves run to shoulder and arms

Term

 

 

 

 

Lumbrosacral

Definition

 

 

L1-S4; nerves run to legs, genitals

Term

 

 

 

 

dermatome

Definition

 

 

 

sensations carried by spinal nerves

Term

 

 

 

 

referred visceral pain

Definition

 

a phenomenon in wich pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome

Term

 

 

 

 

Reflex arcs

Definition

 

 

provide rapid reacts to possibly threatening situations; only 2-3 neurons are involved; begins at PNS receptor and communicate w/ the CNS ; ends at a perpheral effector -muscle or gland

Term

 

 

 

Reflexes include

Definition

 

 

visceral and somatic reflexes

Term

 

 

 

 

Ipsalateral reflex

Definition

 

 

both the receptor and effector organs are on the same side

Term

 

 

 

contralateral

 

Definition

 

 

sensory impulses from a receptor cross over going though the spinal cord to activate effector organs in the opposite limb

Term

 

 

 

 

monosynaptic

Definition

 

 

simplest of all reflexes; sensory axons synapse directly on the motor neurons, whos axons projects to the effect; very small delay occurs in this reflex resulting in a very prompt reflex response

Term

 

 

 

 

polysynaptic

Definition

 

 

exhibit a number of synapses involving interneuron's within the relfex; more componenst result in a prolonged delay between stimulus and response

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