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| commander of the American ships that went to Japan with a letter from the president saying that Japan must open its ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange |
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| 1854 agreement to open two Japanese ports to American ships, not for trade |
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| period from 1868 to 1912 when Japan strengthened with meiji "enlightened rule" and their motto "A rich country, a strong military" |
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| Japanese war with Russia in 1904 which Japan dominated |
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| 1905 agreement that ended the Russo-Japanese War that gave Japan control of Korea and parts of Manchuria |
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| Japanese legislature made up of one elected house and one appointed by the emperor |
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| powerful banking and industrial families such as the Kawasaki family in Japan the helped spread industry |
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| society such as Japan that has a common culture and language that gives it a sense of identity |
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| France's holdings in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia |
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| king of Siam from 1851 to 1868 who managed to keep Siam out of European territory and modernized Siam |
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| Hawaiian queen who was overthrown by American planters in 1893 |
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| war over Cuba's independence from Spain when the Philippines declared their independence from Spain |
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| leader of Filipinos who battled American forces from 1899 to 1901 |
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| English-speaking part of Canada where English traditions and laws were; modern day Ontario |
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| French-speaking part of Canada where French traditions and the Catholic Church were kept; modern day Quebec |
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| British North America Act |
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| united four provences of Canada into a dominion creating the Dominion of Canada; later six other provinces joined |
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| the original settlers of Austrailia who were hunter-gatherers in different bands that spoke up to 250 different languages |
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| the local people of New Zealand who were descended from Polynesians and were settled farmers determined to defend their land |
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| original inhabitants of refions of the world where white settlers quickly subdue and replace them |
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| unification of all provinces like in Canada |
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| self-governing nation like the British North America Act in Canada |
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| created two provinces in Canada |
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| gave Canada elected legislature to determine domestic policies (not foreign policy and trade) |
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| local strongmen who assembled private armies to resist the central government |
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| less-developed nations export raw materials and commodieties to industrial nations and import manufactured goods, capital, and technological know-how |
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| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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| caudillo in Mexico who gained and lost power many times |
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