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Ch. 13 Ecdysozoa: Panarthropoda
Bio 106 test 3
50
Zoology
Undergraduate 2
11/11/2017

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Term
Clade Panarthropoda
(6)
Definition
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Coelom reduced, hemocoel develops
Hemolymph (lymph & plasma)
Open circulatory system (muscular hearts)
Term
Phylum Onychophora
(3)
Definition
"velvet worms"
Tropical regions of southern hemisphere
14 to 43 prs of unjointed legs (lobopods)
Dioecious
Viviparous birth
Term
Phylum Onychophora prey capture
Definition
Oral papilla have slime glands:produce adhesive mucus
Term
Phylum Onychophora head
(2)
Definition
One pr lrg antennae
Tiny annelid like eyes
Term
Phylum Onychophora cuticle
(2)
Definition
Contains chitin, does not harden and in arthropods
Molts in patches
Term
Phylum Tardigrada
(4)
Definition
"water bears"
Mostly terrestrial, film of water around mosses and lichens
Eight short unjointed legs (lobopods) w/ claws
Stylet mouthparts for piercing/sucking nematodes or plant cells
Term
Phylum Tardigrada survival
(4)
Definition
Cryptobiosis (dormant)
Survive extreme dehydration from 85% water to 3% water
Resistant to harsh conditions for decades
Metabolically active when water is available
Term
Phylum Arthropoda
(4)
Definition
Most diverse and abundant
Tardigrada is the sister group
Chitin in cuticle (exoskeleton)
Metameric segmented bodies
Term
Arthropoda success?
(5)
Definition
Versatile exoskeleton w/chitin
Segmentation and appendages
Efficient respiratory systems
Highly developed sensory organs
Tropic breadth (multiple niches) through metamorphosis
Term
Tagmata
(5)
Definition
Fusion of metameric segments into specialized functional groups
Chelicerates (prosoma & opisthosome)
Myriopods (head & trunk)
Crustaceans (head+pereon & pleon)
Insectas (Head & thorax & abdomen)
Term
Arthropod appendages
(3)
Definition
Appendages: Uniramous & Biramous
Mouthparts: Chelicerae & Mandibles
Genitals: Appendages outside of body
Term
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
(5)
Definition
Extinct for 250 million years
Abundant during Cambrian and Ordovician periods
Ocean bottom dwellers and scavengers
Sister to rest of modern arthropoda
Phacops rana official state fossil of PA
Term
Subphylum Chelicerata
(2)
Definition
Chelicerae: fangs
Pedipalps: Near mouth, taste buds, manipulates food
Term
Class Merostomata
(3)
Definition
Cephalothorax completely covered w/ lrg carapace
Book gills
Limulus polyphemus' blue blood coagulates in presence of Gram negative bacteria
Term
Class Pycnogonida
(5)
Definition
"sea spiders"
Four pairs of walking legs
Males, pair of legs modified for carrying eggs (ovigers)
Suctorial proboscis for feeding on hydroids
Abdomen reduced or absent
Term
Class Arachnida
(2)
Definition
External segmentation reduced
11 extant orders
Term
Order Araneae
(5)
Definition
Spiders
Thin pedicel separates tagmata
8 prs of simple eyes
Silk glands and spinnerets
Book lungs and/or tracheae
Genus Maratus: jumping spiders "peacock spiders" in Australia
Term
Order Scorpionida
(6)
Definition
Scorpions
25 deadly to humans
Pedipalps: capture
Chelicerae: shred prey
Chephalothorax, abdomen w/ stinging telson
Sensory pectines
Term
Order Opiliones
(6)
Definition
"Harvestmen" or "Daddy long-leggers"
NOT A SPIDER
Single pair of eyes, one fused body tagmata (no pedicel)
Closely related to mites
Legs shed easily if grasped
NO KNOWN SPECIES HAS VENOM GLANDS
Term
Order Acari
Definition
Ticks & mites
Cephalothorax and abdomen completely fused
Mouthparts on capitulum
Free-living and parasites
Transmit diseases, cause economic harm
Term
Subphylum Mandibulata
(2)
Definition
Phylum Myriapoda
Phylum Pancrustacea
Term
Phylum Myriapoda
(3)
Definition
Mandibles and two prs maxillae
Uniramous legs
Tracheae (long tubes w/ air, ventilate animal) and spiracles (allow air into tracheae, pores through exoskeleton)
Term
Class Chilopoda
(6)
Definition
Centipedes
Predators
Venom fangs, claws (forcipules)
Dorsoventrally flattened
Maxillipeds on first segment
Pr eyes, ocelli (light/dark)
Term
Genus Scutigera coleoptrata
(5)
Definition
House centipede
From mediterranean region
First recorded in PA 1849
Harmless to humans
Preys on sm arthropods
Term
Class Diplopoda
(6)
Definition
Millipede
Four thoracic segments w/ or w/o 1 pr of legs each (haplosegments)
Two prs of legs oer segment
Ability to roll into a ball (conglobate)
"Repugnatorial glands" secrete hydrogen cyanide
Lemures and capuchan monkeys use secretions as bug repelant
Term
Phylum Pancrustacea
(6)
Definition
Biramous appendages
Two prs of antennae
One pr of mandibles and two prs of maxillae
Evolutionary trend: reduction in # of segments
Specialized appendages
Terrestrial gills
Term
Ecdysis
(7)
Definition
Molting
1. Epidermis secretes new cuticle under old cuticle
2. Dissolves and reabsorbs calcium to weaken the old cuticle
3. Splits old cuticle and exits
4. Absorbs water to swell body
5. New cuticle hardens
6. Reestablishes osmoticbalance
Term
Pancrustacea sensory organs
(2)
Definition
Stalked compound eyes (2-15,000 units called omatidia)
Panoramic mosaic view
Term
Pancrustacea reproduction and life cycles
(4)
Definition
Dioecous w/ sexual dimorphism
Development occurs in brood chambers attached to abdomen and appendages
Aquatic larval stage: nauplius and zoea
Molt through intermediate larval stages
Term
Class Branciopoda
(3)
Definition
Brine shrimp, tadpole, shrimp
Flattened, leaf-like legs (phyllopodia), respiration
Important component of freshwater zooplankton
Term
Class Maxillopoda
(2)
Definition
Barnacles, ostracods, copepods
Reduced abdomen, usually lacking appendages
Term
Class Malacostraca
(4)
Definition
Isopods, amphipods, krill, decapods
Largest class of crustaceans
All thoracic and most abdominal segments bear specialized appendages
Gills on bases of thoracic appendages
Term
Phylum Hexapoda
(4)
Definition
Uniramous appendages, six walking legs
Body w/ three tagmata
One pr of antennae, mandibles, maxillae
Respiration via tracheae and spiracles
Term
Class Entognatha
(5)
Definition
Not insects
Three orders: protura, diplura, collembola
Primitively wingless
Ametabolous (no metamorphosis)
Mouthparts retracted within head
Term
Class Insecta
(10)
Definition
Ectognatha: w/ externalized mouthparts
28 Extant orders
Discovery of: Beetles, Moths and Butterflies, Flies, Bees and Wasps and Ants
10 Quintill individuals
200 Mill insect per human being
Flew 70 Mill years before first Pterosaurs
1 Mill species
Only flying invertebrates
Two prs of wings on thorax but sometimes reduced or lost
Metamorphic development
Term
Order Thysanura
(4)
Definition
Insects
Silverfish
Primitively wingless
Eats paper, glue, mold
Term
Order Odonata
(3)
Definition
Dragonflies and Damselflies
Aquatic larvae (niads)
Superb flies
Term
Order Ephemeroptera
(3)
Definition
Mayfly
Aquatic larvae
Sensitive to aquatic pollution
Term
Order Orthoptera
(3)
Definition
Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts, katydids
Thickened forewings
Jumping hind legs
Term
Order Blattodea
(2)
Definition
Cockroaches and termites
Social behaviors
Term
Order Mantodea
(3)
Definition
Mantids
Predators
Raptorial forelimbs
Term
Order Phasmatodea
(3)
Definition
Walking sticks
Elongated bodies, herbivores
Longest insect in world 21 in. long
Term
Order Dermaptera
(4)
Definition
"skin wing"
Earwigs
Hind wings folded fan-like under short, leathery forewings
Forceps-like cerci
Term
Order Hemiptera
(6)
Definition
True bugs, hoppers, aphids, cicadas
Megadiverse
Sucking, tube-like mouthparts
Two invasive species in PA: Heteroptera and Homoptera
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula)
Term
Order Neuroptera
(3)
Definition
Lacewings, antlions
Predators
Beneficial, natural enemies
Term
Order Coleoptera
(7)
Definition
"sheath wing"
Beetles and Weevils
Megadiverse
Largest order of animals
Forewings are hardened elytra
Diverse habitats
Many pestiferous species
Term
Order Hymenoptera
(6)
Definition
Bees, Wasps, Ants
Megadiverse
Social behavior evolved at least seven times
Inclusive fitness: doesn't matter if individual reproduces as long as group reproduces for the next generation
Pollination services
Biocontrol of pests
Term
Order Diptera
(3)
Definition
Flies, mosquitoes, maggots
Megadiverse
Two wings, hind wings reduced to halteres (balance)
Term
Order Siphonaptera
(4)
Definition
"tube-like mouth/no wings"
Fleas
Ectoparasites, reduces features
Body laterally compressed
Term
Order Lepidoptera
(5)
Definition
Butterflies and Moths
Megadiverse
Lrg, showy wings covered in scales
Fluid feeders, mouthparts reduced to tube-like proboscis
Caterpillars may be harmful pests
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