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Ch. 1
Introduction, homeostasis, anatomical regions
18
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/27/2010

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Term
What is homeostasis?
Definition
(homeo, unchanging + stasis, standing) refers to the existence of a stable internal environment.
Term
Homeostatic regulation--
Definition
is the adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis. Understanding of homeostasis is crucial to predicting the body's responses to normal and abnormal conditions.
Term
autoregulation (or intrinsic regulation)
Definition
occurs when a system adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental changes.
Term
Extrinsic regulation
Definition
results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system. These two systems control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously.
Term
endocrine system releases chemical messengers called:
Definition
hormones
Term
a homeostatic regulatory mechanism consists of three parts:
Definition
receptor, control center and effector.
Term
what does the receptor do?
Definition
it is a sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus.
Term
control center (or integration center)
Definition
receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor. The control center then sends out commands.
Term
What is the job of the effector?
Definition
The effector, is a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus.
Term
negative feedback
Definition
when a variation outside the desired range triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation.
Term
In the homeostatic control of body temperature, the control center is in the:
Definition
hypothalamus (the brain)
Term
There are two sets of temperature receptors involved in thermoregulation. They are:
Definition
the hypothalamus and the skin.
Term
two effectors involved in thermoregulation are:
Definition
muscle tissue, which relaxes in high heat and sweat glands which accelerate secretion.
Term
What is the primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation?
Definition
negative feedback.
Term
What is positive feedback?
Definition
when an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the change in the original conditions, rather than opposing it.
Term
positive feedback: blood clotting
Definition
positive feedback accelerates the clotting process until a blood clot forms and stops bleeding.
Term
when this happens, organ systems begin to malfunction, producing a state known as illness or:
Definition
disease.
Term
dynamic equilibrium
Definition
the process in which physiological systems are continually adapting and adjusting to changing conditions.
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