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Ch. 10 The Muscular System
Types, Functions, Connective Tissues of Muscles, Attachments, Skeletal Muscle & Innervation, and Athletic Injuries
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2009

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Term
Types of Muscle Tissue- Skeletal
Definition

about 600 muscles in human body

 

makes up 40% of body weight

 

cells are striated

voluntary

 

muscle cells are thin in diameter and long so they can be called myofibers or muscle fibers

Term
Types of Muscle Tissue- Cardiac
Definition

occurs only in the walls of the heart

 

cells are striated

 

involuntary

Term
Types of Muscle Tissue- Smooth
Definition

occupies the walls of hollow organ (stomach, respiratory)

 

lack striations

 

involuntary

Term
Functions of Muscles- Movement
Definition
movement of body parts and organ contents
Term
Functions of Muscles- Stability
Definition

stability maintains posture and prevents movement

 

holding against gravity

Term
Functions of Muscles- Communication
Definition
Communication controls speech, expression, and writing
Term
Functions of Muscles- Control of openings and passageways
Definition
sphincters
Term
Functions of Muscles- Body Heat Production
Definition

as much as 85% of heat comes from muscles contracting

 

muscles contract and keep body heated

Term
CT layers within Skeletal Muscle
Definition

The muscle has many sheaths of CT that bind together

 

Fascicle

 

Epimysium

 

Perimysium

 

Endomysium

Term
Skeletal Muscle CT- Fascicle
Definition

muscle fibers grouped into bundles

Term
Skeletal Muscle CT- Epimysium
Definition

dense regular CT covering entire muscle and works to seperate muscles

 

continuation of each tendon

Term
Skeletal Muscle CT- Perimysium
Definition

slightly thicker layer of CT that surrounds each fascicle (group muscle fibers)

 

layer around each fasciculi

Term
Skeletal Muscle CT- Endomysium
Definition

a fine sheath of areolar CT wrapping each muscle cell and allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers

 

around each fiber in fasciculi

Term
Skeletal Muscle CT- Fascicle
Definition

Deep Fascia

 

Superficial Fascia

Term
Deep Fascia
Definition

5 different muscles each seperated by deep fascia

 

found between adjacent mucles (no fat)

Term
Superficial Fascia
Definition

hypodermis

 

found between skin and muscles, so it's subcutaneous tissue (below skin)

 

contains adipose (fat) tissue

 

 

Term
Muscle Attachments- Direct (fleshy)
Definition

direct attachment to bone

 

epimysium is continuous with periosteum

Term
Muscle Attachments- Indirect
Definition

indirect attachment to bone

 

origin and insertion

 

epimysium continues as tendon or aponeurosis that merges into periosteum as perforating fibers

Term
Muscle Attachments- attachment to dermis
Definition
facial muscles and scalp
Term
Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Origin
Definition
immobile stationary end of muscle
Term
Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Belly
Definition
thicker, middle region of muscle
Term
Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Insertion
Definition
attachment to mobile end of muscle
Term
Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Fusiform
Definition

thick in middle and tapered at ends

 

biceps brachii

Term
Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Convergent
Definition

broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion

 

pectoralis major

Term
Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Parallel
Definition

paralle fascicles; aponeurosis/fascia in between

 

don't contract; just a CT

 

rectus abdominus

Term
Shapes of Skeletal Muscles- Circular
Definition

act as sphincters

 

ring around body opening

 

obicularis oris (allows opening and closing of mouth)

Term
Shapes of Skeletal Muscles- Pennate
Definition

fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon

 

unipennate, bipennate, or multipennate

 

palmar interosseous, rectus femoris, and deltoid

 

Penna = feather

Term
Coordinated Muscle Actions- Agonist
Definition

Prime mover

 

produces most force

Term
Coordinated Muscle Actions- Synergist
Definition

Opposite the Fixator

 

aids the Prime Mover & Agonist

 

stabilizes nearby joing

 

modifies the direction of movement that occurs

Term
Coordinated Muscle Actions- Antagonist
Definition

opposes the Prime Mover & Agonist

 

preventing excessive movement and injury

Term
Coordinated Muscle Actions- Fixator
Definition

opposes Agonist

 

prevents movement of bone that prime mover is attached to

 

ex) a muscle that holds scapula in place

 

 

Term
Skeletal Muscle Innervation
Definition

no skeletal muscle can contract w/out innervation

 

Cranial nerves arise from brain & exit skull through the foramina

 

Cranial numbered 1-12, but not all innervate muscles

 

Spinal nerves arise from spinal cord & exit vertebral column through intervertebral foramina

Term
Athletic Injuries
Definition

* muscles and tendons *

  • Vulnerable to sudden and intense stress
  • Proper warm up and conditioning needed
  • common injuries: shin splints, pulled hamstrings, & tennis elbow

Treat with RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

 

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