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ch. 1
studying for exam 1
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/16/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
studies the STRUCTURE of the body parts and thier relationships to one another
Term
Physiology
Definition
concerns the FUNCTION of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Term
Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy
Definition
study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the HEART, LUNGS, and KIDNEYS
Term
Regional Anatomy
Definition
all the structures(muscles, bones, blood vessels,nerves,etc) in a particular region of the body such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the SAME time
Term
Systemic anatomy
Definition
body structure is studied system by system
Term
surface anatomy
Definition
study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
Term
Microscopic anatomy
Definition
structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Term
cytology
Definition
considers the cells of the body
Term
histology
Definition
the study of tissue
Term
developmental anatomy
Definition
traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
Term
embryology
Definition
a subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occure before birth
Term
renal physiology
Definition
concerns kidney function and urine production
Term
Neurophysiology
Definition
explains the workings of the nervous system
Term
cardiovascular physiology
Definition
examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels
Term
chemical level
Definition
simplest level of the structural hierarchy
Term
cellular level
Definition
all cells have some common functions but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body
Term
what are the necessary life functions?
Definition

Maintaining boundaries

movement

responsiveness

digestion

metabolism

excretion

reproduction

growth

Term
what are the survival needs?
Definition

nutrients

oxygen

water

normal body temperature

appropriate atmospheric pressure

 

Term
homeostasis
Definition
ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continously
Term
variable
Definition
all homeostatic control mechanisms are processes involving at least three components that work together
Term
receptor
Definition
sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes, called STIMULI, by sending messages to to the second component CONTROL CENTER, input flows from the receptor to the control center along the AFFERENT PATHWAY
Term
control center
Definition
determines the SET POINT which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained
Term
afferent
Definition
approaches the control center
Term
efferent
Definition
exits from the control center
Term
effector
Definition
provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus
Term
negative feedback mechanism
Definition
most homeostatic control mechanisms. cause the variable to change in a direction OPPOSITE to that of the initial change returning to its IDEAL value
Term
positive feedback mechanism
Definition
result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. is POSITIVE they change that results in the same direction as the initial change, getting further from original value
Term
homeostatic imbalance
Definition
important that most disease can be regarded as a result of its disturbance
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