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Details

CH 9
Joints
55
Anatomy
Not Applicable
03/26/2014

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Cards

Term
Kinesiology
Definition
The study of musculoskeletal movement
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
A freely movable joint
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
A slightly movable joint
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
A joint capable of little or no movement
Term
Suture
Definition
Immovable fibrous joints binding the bones of the skull
Term
Gomphosis
Definition
Type of joint attaching a tooth to its socket
Term
Syndesmoses
Definition
Joint in which two bones are bound only by ligaments
Term
Synchondrosis
Definition
Type of joint in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Type of joint in which bones are joined by fibrocartilage
Term
Synostosis (bony joint)
Definition
Joint in which two bones, once separate, become fused by osseous tissue
Term
Synovial joint
Definition
Joint in which two bones are separated by a space filled with lubricant
Term
Synovial fluid
Definition
The slippery lubricant filling the space between bones in a synovial joint
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
Connective tissue covering ajoining surfaces of bones within a joint
Term
Fibrous capsule
Definition
Outer layer of joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum
Term
Synovial membrane
Definition
Inner layer of joint capsule made of areolar tissue which secretes fluid
Term
Tendon
Definition
Attaches muscle to bone
Term
Ligament
Definition
Attaches bone to bone
Term
Bursa
Definition
Fibrous fluid filled sac located where a tendon passes over a bone
Term
Tendon sheath
Definition
Type of bursae that are elongated and wrap around tendons
Term
Monoaxial
Definition
Type of joint in which the bone can move in only one plane
Term
Biaxial
Definition
Type of joint in which the bone can move in two planes
Term
Multiaxial
Definition
Type of joint in which the bone can move in three or more planes
Term
Ball-and-socket joint
Definition
Joint in which one bone with a hemispherical head fits within a cuplike depression on the other
Term
Hinge joint
Definition
Joint in which one bone with a convex surface fits into a concave depression of the other bone
Term
Saddle joint
Definition
The trapeziometacarpal joint for example
Term
Pivot joint
Definition
Monoaxial joint in which a projection of one bone fits into a ring-like ligament of the other
Term
Gliding (plane) joint
Definition
Type of joint in which the articular surfaces are only slightly convex and concave
Term
Condvloid (ellipsoid) joint
Definition
Joint in which an oval convex surface of one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of the other
Term
Flexion
Definition
Movement that decreases the angle of a joint
Term

 

 

Extension

Definition

 

 

Movement that increases the angle of a joint

Term

 

 

Hyperextension

Definition

 

 

Movement that increases the angle of a joint beyond 180 degrees

Term

 

 

Abduction

Definition

 

 

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Term

 

 

Adduction

Definition

 

 

Movement of a body part toward the midline

Term

 

 

Elevation

Definition

 

 

Movement that raises a bone vertically

Term

 

 

Depression

Definition

 

 

Movement that lowers a bone vertically

Term

 

 

Protraction

Definition

 

 

Movement of a bone anteriorly

Term

 

 

Retraction

Definition

 

 

Movement of a bone posteriorly

Term

 

 

Lateral excursion

Definition

 

 

Movement of the jaw sideways to the right or left

Term

 

 

Medial excursion

Definition

 

 

Movement of the jaw back to the bidline from the right or left

Term

 

 

Circumduction

Definition

 

 

Movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

Term

 

 

Rotation

Definition

 

 

Movement that twists a bone on its longitudinal axis

Term

 

 

Supination

Definition

 

 

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly in anatomical position

Term

 

 

Pronation

Definition

 

 

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

Term

 

 

Opposition

Definition

 

 

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

Term

 

 

Reposition

Definition

 

 

Movement of the thumb from touching the fingertips back to anatomical position

Term

 

 

Dorsiflexion

Definition

 

 

Raising of the toes or foot upward

Term

 

 

Plantar flexion

Definition

 

 

Extension of the toes or foot so that they point downward

Term

 

 

Inversion

Definition

 

 

Raising the sole of the foot medially

Term

 

 

Eversion

Definition

 

 

Raising the sole of the foot laterally

Term

 

 

Lever

Definition

 

 

Elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point

Term

 

 

Fulcrum

Definition

 

 

The fixed point that an elongated, rigid object rotates around

Term

 

 

First-class lever

Definition

 

 

Lever in which the fulcrum is in the middle

Term

 

 

Second-class lever

Definition

 

 

Lever in which the resistance is in the middle

Term

 

Third-class lever

Definition

 

 

Lever in which the effort is applied between the fulcrum and resistance

Term

 

 

Temporomandibular joint

Definition

 

 

Articulation of the condle of the mandible with mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

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