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ch.9.2
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29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/25/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Thyroid Gland is found where?
Definition

 

at the base of the throat

Term
What does the thyroid consist of?
Definition

two lobes and a connecting

 

isthmus

Term
The thyroid produces what 2 hormones?
Definition

 

Thyroid hormone

Calcitonin

Term
thyroid hormone is a major metabolic hormone true or false?
Definition
true
Term
what 2 iodine-containing hormones make up a thyroid?
Definition

-Thyroxin (T4)

-Triiodothyronine (T3)

Term
Goiters?
Definition
Disorder: Thyroid gland enlarges due to lack of iodine
Term
Cretinism?
Definition

 

Caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine

Results in dwarfism during childhood

Term
Myxedema
Definition

Caused by hypothyroidism in adults

Results in physical and mental

 

slugishness

Term
Graves' disease
Definition

Caused by hyperthyroidism

 

Results in increased metabolism, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and exophthalmos

Term
Calcitonin
Definition

Decreases blood calcium levels by causing

 

its deposition on bone

Term
Parathyroid glands
Definition
Tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid, that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Term
Parathyroid hormone function is what?
Definition

Stimulate osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone

Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium

 

Raise calcium levels in the blood

Term
Adrenal glands are located where?
Definition
they sit on top of the kidneys
Term
What are the 2 regions of the adrenal glands?
Definition

Adrenal cortex , Adrenal medulla

Term
what is the adrenal cortex?
Definition

 

outer glandular region has three layers

Term
what is the adrenal medulla?
Definition

 

inner neural tissue region

Term
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?
Definition

1.) Mineralocorticoids: secreted by outermost layer

2.) Glucocorticoids: secreted by middle layer

3.) Sex hormones: secreted by innermost

layer

Term
Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone) are responsible for what?
Definition

 

Produced in outer adrenal cortex, they regulate mineral content in blood

 

Regulate water and electrolyte balance

Term
Glucocorticoids (including cortisone and cortisol) are responsible for what?
Definition

Produced in the middle layer of the adrenal cortex, and promote normal cell metabolism

 

Term
Addison's disease
Definition

•Adrenal cortex disorder, results from hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones

 

Bronze skin tone, muscles are weak, burnout, susceptibility to infection

Term
Hyperaldosteronism
Definition

•adrenal cortex disorder, result from an ACTH-releasing tumor

 

Excess water and sodium are retained leading to high blood pressure and edema

Term
Sex hormones are produced where?
Definition
the inner layer of the adrenal cortex
Term
Cushing’s syndrome
Definition

Results from a tumor in the middle cortical area of the adrenal cortex

 

•can cause “Moon face,” “buffalo hump” on the upper back, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, weakening of bones, depression

Term
Masculinization
Definition

 

Results from hypersecretion of sex hormones

Beard and male distribution of hair growth

Term
The adrenal medula produces two similar hormones (catecholamines)
Definition

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) 

Term
The 2 hormones produced by the adrenal medulla (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine) prepare the body for what?
Definition
to deal with short-term stress ("fight or flight") by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels
Term
Pancreatic islets produce what hormones?
Definition
Insulin and Glucagon
Term
Insulin
Definition

 

allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells; released from beta cells

Term
Glucagon
Definition

 

allows glucose to enter the blood; released from alpha cells

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