Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ch.9.1
n/a
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/25/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
BPA turns off genes in amidyla responsible for the production of what?
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
oxytocin
Definition
the hormone that is responsible for attachment in relationships
Term
endocrine system produces what?
Definition
hormones
Term
Hormones control which major processes?
Definition

- Reproduction

-Growth and Development

-Mobilization of body defenses

-Maintenance of much of homeostasis

-Regulation of metabolism

Term
steroids are made from?
Definition
cholesterol
Term
prostaglandins are a hormone made from?
Definition
highly active lipids
Term
hormones are classified chemically as what?
Definition
amino acid based
Term
hormones only effect certain tissues or organs that have specific protein receptors, these cells are called?
Definition
target cells
Term
effect of hormones
Definition

-changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state

-synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes 

-activation or inactivation of enzymes

-stimulation of mitosis

-promotion of secretory activity

Term
the to mechanisms in which hormenes act?
Definition

-direct gene activity

-second-messenger system

Term
Steroid hormone action
Definition

Diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells

Enter the nucleus

Bind to a specific protein within the nucleus

Bind to specific sites on the cell’s DNA

 

Activate genes that result in synthesis of new proteins

Term
Second-Messenger System (Nonsteroid Hormone Action)
Definition

Hormone binds to a membrane receptor

Hormone does not enter the cell

Sets off a series of reactions that activates an enzyme

Catalyzes a reaction that produces a second- messenger molecule (such as cAMP)

 

Oversees additional intracellular changes to promote a specific response

Term
control of hormone release
Definition

- A stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood triggers the release of more hormone

- Hormone release stops when appropriate level in blood is reached

Term
how are endocrine glands stimulated/activated?
Definition
by other hormones
Term
Humoral stimuli of endocrine system
Definition

-Humoral indicates various body fluids such as blood and bile

-Changing blood levels of certain ions stimulate hormone release

- EX: Insulin is produced in response to changing levels of blood glucose levels

Term
neural stimuli of endocrine glands
Definition

 

Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release

Term
Major endocrine organs
Definition

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands

Adrenal glands Pineal gland Thymus gland

Pancreas

 

Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

Hypothalamus

Term
Endocrine gland that hangs from the hypothalamus in the brain. (sixe of a pea)
Definition
pituitary gland
Term
The two functional lobes of the pituitary gland?
Definition

Anterior pituitary—glandular tissue

 

Posterior pituitary—nervous tissue

Term
the pituitry gland is protected by what bone?
Definition

 

sphenoid bone

Term
6 Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
Definition

Two affect non-endocrine targets

-Growth hormone

-Prolactin

Four stimulate other endocrine glands

(tropic hormones)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropic hormone)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Two gonadotropic hormones

Term
Characteristics of all anterior pituitary hormones are?
Definition

Proteins (or peptides)

Act through second-messenger systems

 

Regulated by hormonal stimuli, mostly negative feedback

Term
Growth hormone
Definition

 

-Major effects are directed to growth of skeletal muscles and long bones

-Causes amino acids to be built into proteins

Term
Growth hormone (GH) disorders
Definition

Pituitary dwarfism results from

hyposecretion of GH during childhood

 

Gigantism results from hypersecretion of GH during childhood

Term
Prolactin (PRL) is responsible for what?
Definition

Stimulates and maintains milk production

 

following childbirth

Term
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is responsible for what?
Definition

Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal

 

cortex

Term
Gonadotropic hormones are responsible for what?
Definition

 

-Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads

 

Term
the 2 hormones produced by the hypothalamus are?
Definition

- Oxytocin

- Antidiuretic hormone

Term
Oxytocin is responsible for?
Definition

Stimulates contractions of the uterus during

 

labor, sexual relations, and breastfeeding

Term
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is responsible for?
Definition

Inhibiting urine production by promoting water

 

reabsorption by the kidneys (also known as vasopressin)

Supporting users have an ad free experience!