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CH 7 AXIAL SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON
63
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/18/2012

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Cards

Term
THE ADULT SKELETON CONSISTS OF *** BONES GROUPED INTO THE **** SKELETON WHICH IS MADE UP OF ** BONES AND THE **** SKELETON WHICH IS MADE UP OF *** BONES.
Definition
206, AXIAL, 80, APPENDICULAR, 126
Term

UPPER & LOWER EXTREMITIES

PECTORAL GIRDLE

PELVIC GIRDLE

Definition
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Term

SKULL

HYOID

STERNUM

RIBS

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

OSSICLES

 

Definition
AXIAL SKELETON
Term
SOMEWHAT CUBE SHAPED. EQUAL IN LENGTH AND WIDTH. MOSTLY SPONGY BONE WITH COMPACT BONE AT THE SURFACE.
Definition

SHORT BONES

MOST OF CARPALS & MOST OF TARSALS EXCEPT FOR CALCANEUS.

Term
IRREGULAR BONES
Definition

DO NOT FIT INTO LONG, SHORT, & FLAT BONE CATERGORIES.

 

VERTEBRAE, SPHENOID, ETHMOID, & CALCANEOUS

Term
LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE; DIAPHYSIS WITH EPIPHYSES; SLIGHT CURVES INCREASE STRENGTH & DISTRIBUTE WEIGHT EVENLY; COMPACT BONE W/SPONGY BONE AT EPIPHYSES AND A BIT AT THE MEDULLARY CAVITY.
Definition

LONG BONES

 

LIMB BONES, PHALANGES

Term

FLAT BONE

 

CRANIUM, STERNUM, RIBS, SCAPULAE

Definition
THIN; 2 PARALLEL PLATES OF COMPACT BONE WITH SPONGY BONE BETWEEN; EXTENSIVE SURFACE AREA FOR PROTECTION AND MUSCLE ATTACHMENT.
Term
DEVELOP WITHIN TENDON WHERE THERE IS INCREASED FRICTION, TENSION, & STRESS. EXCEPT FOR PATELLAE (2), MAY VARY IN NUMBER
Definition

SESAMOID

 

PATELLA IN QUADRICEPS FEMORIS TENDON; OTHERS VARY FROM PERSON TO PERSON

Term

SMALL BONES THAT DEVELOP WITHIN SUTURES

THESE VARY GREATLY FROM PERSON TO PERSON

Definition
SUTURAL BONES
Term
DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS; SITES ALLOWING THE PASSAE OF SOFT TISSUE (NERVES, BLOOD VESSELS, LIGAMENTS, TENDONS) OR FORMATION OF JOINTS.
Definition
BONE SURFACE MARKINGS
Term
NARROW SLIT BETWEEN ADJACENT PARTS OF BONES THROUGH WHICH BLOOD VESSELS OR NERVES PASS.
Definition

FISSURE

 

EX: SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE OF SPHENOID BONE

Term
OPENING TOUGH WHICH BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES OR LIGAMENTS PASS.
Definition

FORAMEN

 

EX: OPTIC FORAMEN OF SPHENOID BONE

Term
SHALLOW DEPRESSION
Definition

FOSSA

 

EX: CORONOID FOSSA OF HUMERUS

Term
FURROW ALONG BONE SUFACE THAT ACCOMODATES BLOOD VESSEL, NERVE OR TENDON.
Definition

SULCUS

 

EX: INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS OF HUMERUS

Term
TUBELIKE OPENING
Definition

MEATUS

 

EX: EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS OF TEMPORAL BONE

Term
PROJECTIONS OR OUTGROWTHS ON BONE THAT FORM JOINTS OR ATTACHMENT POINTS FOR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, SUCH AS LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS
Definition
BONE PROCESSES
Term
LARGE, ROUND PROTUBERANCE WITH A SMOOTH ARTICULAR SURFACE AT END OF BONE
Definition

CONDYLE

 

EX: LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR

(PROCESS THAT FORMS A JOINT)

Term
SMOOTH, FLAT, SLIGHTLY CONCAVE OR CONVEX ARTICULAR SURFACE
Definition

FACET

 

EX: SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET OF VERTEBRAE

(PROCESS THAT FORMS A JOINT)

Term
USUALLY ROUNDED ARTICULAR PROJECTION SUPPORTED ON NECK (CONSTRICTED PORTION) OF BONE
Definition

HEAD

 

EX: HEAD OF FEMUR

(PROCESS THAT FORMS A JOINT)

Term
PROMINENT RIDGE OR ELONGATED PROJECTION
Definition

CREST

 

EX: ILLIAC CREST OF HIP BONE

(PROCESS THAT FORMS ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
TYPICALLY ROUGHENED PROJECTION ABOVE CONDYLE
Definition

EPICONDYLE

 

EX: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF FEMUR

(PROCESS THAT FORMS AN ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
LONG NARROW RIDGE OR BORDER (LESS PROMINENT THAN CREST)
Definition

LINEA

 

EX: LINEA ASPERA OF FEMUR

(PROCESS THAT FORMS AN ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
SHARP, SLENDER PROJECTION
Definition

SPINOUS PROCESS

 

EX: SPINOUS PROCESS OF VERTEBRAE

(PROCESS THAT FORMS ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
VERY LARGE PROJECTION
Definition

TROCHANTER

 

EX: GREATER TRCHANTER OF FEMUR

(PROCESS THAT FORMS AN ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
VARIABLY SIZED ROUNDED PROJECTION
Definition

TUBERCLE

 

EX: GREATER TUBERCLE OF HUMERUS

(PROCESS THAT FORMS AN ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
VARIABLY SIZED PROJECTION THAT HAS A ROUGH, BUMPY SURFACE
Definition

TUBEROSITY

 

EX: ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY OF HIP BONE

(PROCESS THAT FORMS AN ATTACHMENT POINT FOR CT)

Term
CONSISTS OF CRANIUM AND FACIAL BONES
Definition
SKULL
Term
FRONTAL, 2 PARIETAL, 2 TEMPORAL, OCCIPITAL, SPHENOID, ETHMOID
Definition
CRANIAL BONES
Term
2 NASAL , 2 MAXILLAE, 2 ZYGOMATIC, MANDIBLE, 2 LACRIMAL, 2 PALATINE, 2 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE, VOMER
Definition
FACIAL BONES
Term
BRAINCASE, ORBITS, NASAL
Definition
CAVITIES
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

ONLY OSSICLES (STAPES, INCUS, MALLEUS W/IN TEMPORAL BONE) AND MANDIBLE MOVE

Definition
TRUE
Term
  1. CORONAL: PARIETALS & FRONTAL
  2. SAGITTAL: LEFT PARIETAL & RIGHT PARIETAL
  3. LAMBDOID: PARIETALS & OCCIPITAL
  4. SQUAMOUS: 2 - LEFT PARIETAL & LEFT TEMPORAL, RIGHT PARIETAL & RIGHT TEMPORAL
Definition
4 SUTURES (IMMOVABLE JOINTS) AND THEIR LOCATIONS
Term
OCCIPITAL CONDYLES
Definition
ROUNDED PROTUBERANCES; ARTICULATE WITH 1ST VERTEBRAE (ATLAS)
Term
FORAMEN MAGNUM
Definition
LARGE OPENING THROUGH WHICH SPINAL CORD EMERGES
Term
SELLA TURCICA (TUBERCULUM SELLAE, HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA, DORSUM SELLAE), LOCATION OF PITUITARY GLAND, GREATER AND LESSER WINGS, SINUS
Definition
SPHENOID BONE
Term
PARANASAL SINUS, PERPENDICULAR PLATE(SUPERIOR PART OF NASAL SEPTUM), CRIBRIFORM PLATE WITH OLFACTORY FORAMINA(FOR OLFACTORY NERVE I), CRISTA GALLI, SUPERIOR & MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE
Definition
ETHMOID BONE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

INFERIOR NASAL COCHAE ARE SEPERATE BONES

Definition
TRUE
Term
INFERIOR PART OF NASAL SEPTUM
Definition
VOMER
Term
IN ETHMOID, SPHENOID, FRONTAL, & MAXILLAE BONES- PAIRED MUCOUS CAVITIES; RESONATING CHAMBERS FOR SPEECH
Definition
PARANASAL SINUSES
Term
SOFT SPOTS IN NEWBORN SKULL; FIBROUS CT; INCOMPLETE INTRAMEMBRANEOUS OSSIFICATION
Definition
FONTANELS
Term
ONLY BONE IN BODY THAT DOES NOT ARTICULATE WITH OTHER BONES; SUSPENDED FROM STYLOID PROCESS OF TEMPORAL BONE BY LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES; SUPPORTS TONGUE; FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
Definition
HYOID
Term
33 ORIGINAL BONES FUSE TO PRODUCE 26 BONES, PROTECT THE SPINAL CORD, HELP SUPPORT THE HEAD, AND PROVIDE SURFACES FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT.
Definition
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Term
  1. CERVICAL: 7 VERTEBRAE, C1-C7
  2. THORACIC: 12 VERTEBRAE, T1 - T12
  3. LUMBAR: 5 VERTEBRAE, L1 - L5
  4. SACRAL: 5 FUSE TO PRODUCE 1 SACRUM
  5. COCCYGEAL: 4 FUSE TO PRODUCE 1 COCCYX (OR 2)
Definition
5 DISTINCT REGIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

THE SACRUM AND COCCYX ARE THE ONLY IMMOVABLE VERTEBRAE

Definition
TRUE
Term
THERE ARE """"""" THAT DEVELOP FROM 1 CONCAVE FETAL CURVE
Definition
4 NORMAL ADULT CURVES
Term

IN AN ADULT:

 CERVICAL & LUMBAR CURVES ARE """"" (BULGE OUT ANTERIORLY)

THORACIC AND SACRAL CURVES ARE """"" (CUP INWARD ANTERIORLY)

Definition
CONVEX, CONCAVE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

CURVES INCREASE STRENGTH, HELP MAINTAIN BALANCE, ABSORB SHOCK, PROTECT FROM FRACTURES

Definition
TRUE
Term
CONSIST OF FIBROCARTILAGE AROUND A PULPY ELASTIC CENTER; MAKE STRONG JOINTS; ABSORB SHOCK; SPACE ADJACENT VERTEBRAE
Definition
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS SPACING IS CRITICAL - MUST CREATE INTERVERTABRAL FORAMINA (BETWEEN ADJACENT VERTEBRAE) THROUGH WHICH SPINAL NERVES EMERGE / EXIT

Definition
TRUE
Term
  • VERTEBRAL BODY
  • VETEBRAL FORAMEN FOR SPINAL CORD
  • TRANSVERSE PROCESSES (2)
  • SPINOUS PROCESS (MANY MODIFICATIONS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS)
  • SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR ARTICULATING PROCESSES / FACETS
Definition
PARTS OF VERTEBRAE
Term
C1 IS THE """; NO BODY; NO SPINOUS PROCESS; ARTICULATES WITH OCCIPITAL CONDYLES
Definition
ATLAS
Term
C2 IS THE """"; ANTERIOR PEG LIKE DENS THAT ARTICULATES WITH THE ATLAS (C1)
Definition
AXIS
Term
TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Definition
C3-C7
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE USUALLY HAVE A BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS

Definition
TRUE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE:

ALL CERVICAL VETERBRAE HAVE A TRNSVERSE FORAMINA FOR BLOOD VESSELS AND THE NERVES SUPPLYING THOSE BLOOD VESSELS (NOT SPINAL NERVES)

Definition
TRUE
Term
"""" VERTEBRAE HAVE A LARGE POINTED SPINOUS PROCESS WITH FACETS FOR RIB ARTICULATION
Definition
THORACIC (T1 -T12)
Term
LARGEST, STRONGEST, HEAVIEST BODY; SHORT, THICK, SQUARE SPINOUS PROCESS
Definition
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (L1 - L5)
Term
FUSE TO FORM 1 SACRUM; FUSION COMPLETE BY AGE 30; SACRAL HIATUS ON POSTERIOR FOR CAUDAL ANESTHESIA
Definition
SACRAL (S1 - S5)
Term
FUSE BETWEEN AGES 20-30; POINTS INFERIORLY IN FEMALES AND ANTERIORLY IN MALES
Definition
COCCYGEAL (Co1 - Co4)
Term
CONTAINS RED BONE MARROW IN ADULTS; CONSISTS OF 3 PARTS: MANUBRIUM, BODY, XIPHOID PROCESS (USUALLY FUSE BY AGE 25); MANUBRIUM & BODY ARTICULATE WITH TRUE RIBS; XIPHOID PROCESS IS CARTILAGE UNTIL OSSIFICATION AT AGE 40
Definition
STERNUM (BREASTBONE)
Term
12 PAIRS; ALL ARTICULATE WITH THE THORACIC VERTEBRAE
Definition
RIBS
Term
TRUE RIBS; ATTACH TO STERNUM BY COSTAL CARTILAGE (HYALINE)
Definition
PAIRS 1 - 7
Term

"""" ARE FALSE RIBS; """" ATTACH TO THE CARTILAGE OF THE LAST TRUE RIB - VERTEBROCHONDRAL RIBS

""" HAVE NO ARTICULATION WITH THE STERNUM - FLOATING RIBS

Definition
PAIRS  8 -12, PAIRS 8,9,10, & PAIRS 11, 12 
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