Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch 6 and 8
Skeletal System: bones, bone tissue. articulations and movement
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the function of a ligament?
Definition
attaches bones together
Term
Examples of vital organs that bones of the skeleton protect
Definition
brain, spinal cord, and heart
Term
How does the skeleton provide movement?
Definition
muscles move the bones
Term
What is the function of the tendon?
Definition
tendons attach muscle to bone
Term
What minerals are stored by bones?
Definition
calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, plus additional nutrients
Term
What blood cells are produced by red bone marrow?
Definition
red, white, platelets
Term
What are the specialized cells found in cartilage?
Definition
chondrocytes
Term
What is the purpose of proteoglycans in cartilage?
Definition
make cartilage bendable and soft
Term
What does resilient mean?
Definition
being able to withstand compression forces
Term
Explain chondroblasts
Definition
they are cartilage matrix-producer cells
Term
Explain chondrocytes
Definition
they are cartilage-mainenance cells
Term
What is the perichondrium?
Definition
thin covering over the top of the cartilage body
Term
Why is hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage?
Definition
because it covers the ends of bones
Term
What is appositional growth in cartilage?
Definition
growth that occurs on outside main body of cartilage
Term
What is interstitial growth in cartilage?
Definition
growth that occurs within main body of cartilage
Term
Examples of long bones
Definition
femur, humerous, tibia
Term
Examples of short bones
Definition
carpals, tarsals
Term
Examples of flat bones
Definition
sternum, scapula
Term
Examples of irregular bones
Definition
vertebrae
Term
What is the difference between bone diaphysis and bone epiphysis?
Definition
bone diaphysis is the middle of the bone and bone epiphysis is the end of the bone
Term
What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line?
Definition
epiphyseal plate contains cartiage that is used for producing bone and epiphyseal line forms after the plate has stopped producing bone
Term
Where is the medullary cavity and what is contained in it?
Definition
it is inside the diaphysis and contains yellow marrow
Term
Where is the periosteum and what does it contain?
Definition
it is the outer convering of bone and it contains nerves and blood vessels
Term
What are Sharpey's fibers?
Definition
they attach the periosteum to bone and serve as attachment for ligamnets and tendons
Term
What is the function of endosteum?
Definition
lines internal cavities of bone
Term
What substance makes up the organic portion of bone?
Definition
protein
Term
What substance makes up the inorganic portion of bone?
Definition
mineral matter
Term
What is the function of osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast?
Definition
blast-forms/produces
cytes-maintain
clasts-break down
Term
What are osteochondral progenitor cells?
Definition
stem cells can be used to form new bone cells if needed
Term
How is woven bone related to lamellar or cancellous bone?
Definition
woven-formed during embryonic/fetal development and fracture repair
lamellae-layers of bone used to make lamellar bone
cancellous-has support structures calledc trabecula
Term
What mineral gives bone its strength for weight bearing?
Definition
hydroxyapatite
Term
What protein material gives bone its flexibility?
Definition
collagen
Term
What is the proportion of collagen protein to mineral matter in a bone?
Definition
1/3 collagen, 2/3 mineral
Term
When does an osteoblast become an osteocyte?
Definition
after mineral matter has surrounded it
Term
What are canaliculi?
Definition
interconnections between osteocytes
Term
During what two conditions would woven bone be formed?
Definition
during embryonic development nad fracture repair
Term
What occurs when a bone is remodeled?
Definition
removing old bone and adding new bone material
Term
What is lamellae?
Definition
layers of bone used to make lamellar bone
Term
What are trabeculae?
Definition
support structures in cancellous bone
Term
How do trabewculae arrange in a bone?
Definition
along stress lines
Term
Under what conditions would the trabecule change orientation?
Definition
weight gain or injury
Term
Define ossification
Definition
process of changing tissue into bone
Term
What are the struture functions of the Haversian System?
Definition
Haversian (central) canal-transports nutrients and wastes in/out of bone
Lamellae-layers of bone that form around Haversian canal giving bone strength
Osteocyte-bone cells arranged in lamellae that maintain health of bone
Cancliculi-connect osteocytes together for cellular sharing nad communication
Term
what are the locations of the concentric lamellae, circumferential lamellae, and interstitial lamellae?
Definition
concentric-forms around the Haversian
circumferentail-forms around outer edge of bone beneath periosteum
intersitial-forms between Haversian systems
Term
Bone is formed from what three kinds of tissue?
Definition
regular collagenous, irregular collagenous, and hyaline cartilage tissue
Term
Define calcification
Definition
depositing calcuim salt into bone tissue to make it stronger
Term
What bones are formed during intramembranous ossification?
Definition
skull, clavicle, and some of the mandible
Term
During what week of embyonic development does ossification begin and when is it completed?
Definition
begins at 8th week and completed 2 years after birth
Term
What is the first event in intramembranous ossification?
Definition
osteoblasts form bone within a membrane
Term
Intramembranous bones are formed from what two kinds of tissues?
Definition
dense regular or dense irregualr collageous tissue
Term
Flat skull bones form from what kind of tissue membrane?
Definition
fibrous connective
Term
What is the center of ossification and where does it begin?
Definition
center is where bone is forming in membrane and the middle-it begins in the middle of a membrane and spreads outward from there
Term
Where is the youngest and oldest bone in a bone fragment?
Definition
oldest is the the middle of the membrane-youngest is toward the outside edges of the membrane
Term
What are fontanelles?
Definition
membrane covered spaces between skull bones
Term
How are fontanelles formed and when do they close?
Definition
formed as the center of ossification moves toward the outside edges and they close by 2 years of age
Term
What is head molding in an infant?
Definition
a babys head that has changed shape to the birth canal
Term
In endochondral ossificaton, what is the cartilage model?
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
Where is the primary ossification center in endochondral ossification?
Definition
middle of the diaphysis
Term
What is the bone collar?
Definition
ring of bones that forms a primary ossification center
Term
How does ossification proceed from the primamry ossification center?
Definition
toward the secondary center
Term
Where does the secondary ossification center begin?
Definition
where the primary and secondary meet
Term
What is the last event of endochondral ossification?
Definition
the epiphyseal plate
Supporting users have an ad free experience!