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ch 5 anatomy
ch 5 anatomy
153
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/07/2013

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Cards

Term
true or false there are trillions of cells in the human body
Definition
true
Term
true or false cells are the basic unit of structure and function
Definition
true
Term
true or false cells are organized into groups and layers known as tissues
Definition
true
Term
what is the study of tissues
Definition
histology
Term
true or false the human body is composed of mainly 5 different types tissues
Definition
false
Term
how many tissues is the body mainly composed of
Definition
4 types
Term
what are the 4 types of tissue fouund in the body
Definition

muscle

connective

nervous

epithelial 

Term
where is Epithelial tissue found ?
Definition
covers body surfaces, covers and lines internal organs,and makes up glands
Term
where is connective tissue found ?
Definition
widely distrubuted filling internal spaces
Term
what is the function of connective tissue ?
Definition
to bind,support,and protect
Term
what is  muscular specialized to do ?
Definition
contraction
Term
what does muscular tissue include
Definition
skeletal,cardiac, and walls of hollow organs
Term
true or false skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is used for movement of body
Definition
true
Term
what is the function of nervous tissue
Definition
carries information via electrical impulses
Term
where is nervous tissue found ?
Definition
in the brain,spinal cord,and nerves
Term
true or false epithilial tissue does not include epithelia and glands
Definition
false
Term
what does epithilial tissue contain
Definition
epithlia and glands
Term
what are epithlial tissues anchored to ?
Definition
to the connective tissue by a basement membrane
Term
true or false epithlieum is an avasuclar layer of cells
Definition
true
Term
true or false epithlial tissues don't form a barrier providing protection and regulating permeability
Definition
false
Term
what do epithlial tissues do ?
Definition
form a barrier providing protection and regulating permeability
Term
what are epithelial tissues involved in
Definition
secretion,absorption,and excretion
Term
what are the functions of  tightly packed epithlial cells
Definition
protect body structures such as outer skin and the lining of body cavities such as the mouth
Term
true or false epithlial cells don't divide quickly
Definition
false
Term
how do epithleal cells divide
Definition
quickly
Term
what do epithlial cells aid in
Definition
wound healing and replacement of cells when damage occurs
Term
what are the functions of epithlia
Definition

physical protection

permeability

sensation

specialized secretions 

 

Term
what do epithelia protect
Definition
protect exposed surfaces and internal surfaces from abrasion,dehydration from biological or chemical agents
Term
true or false epithila control permability
Definition
true
Term
true or false epithilia dont have a large sensory nerve  supply
Definition
false
Term
Do epithlia have a large nerve sensory supply
Definition
yes
Term
what are epithlial cells that product secretions called ?
Definition
gland cells
Term
where are gland cells found ?
Definition
scattered amongest other types of cells in a epithlium
Term
true or false simple squamous is a type of epithlial tissue
Definition
true
Term
what is a simple squamous epithlial composed of
Definition
single layer of thin and flattened cells with broad thin nuclei
Term
what is simple cuboidal epithlium composed of ?
Definition
single layer of cubed shaped cells with round nuclei
Term
true or false simple cuboidal epihiliulm is not consisted of cubed shaped cells with round nuclei
Definition
false
Term
true or false simple squamous epithilium consists of a single layer of thin flattened cells with broad thin nuclei
Definition
true
Term
what does simple columnar epithlium compose of ?
Definition
consists of cells that are longer rather than wide
Term
where are goblet cells found ?
Definition
simple columnar epithlium
Term
what are the functions of goblet cells
Definition
special flask shaped cells glandular cells that secrete mucus on the tissue surface
Term
true or false psudeostratfied columanar epithlium appear layered due to nuclei at different levels
Definition
true
Term
how do psuedostratified columnar epithlium appear
Definition
layered due to nuclei located at different levels
Term
how do stratified squamous epithlium appear
Definition
thick layer with cells that flatten as they are pushed outward
Term
true or false stratified cuboidal epithlium appear with three layers of cube cells
Definition
true
Term
what does stratified columnar epithlium consist of
Definition
consists of several layers of either cloumnar or cubed shaped cells
Term
true or false transitional epithlium can change in response to tension
Definition
true
Term
what is glandular epithlium composed of
Definition
specialized cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids
Term
what are exocrine glands
Definition
glands which open onto surfaces or into digestive tract
Term
what are endocrine  glands
Definition
screte into tissue fluid or blood
Term
what do merocrine glands release
Definition
fluid through exocytosis
Term
true or false apocrine glands lose part of their cell bodies during  secretion
Definition
true
Term
what do holocrine glands release
Definition
entire cells that disintegrate to relelase secretions
Term
true or false the cells that make up connective tissue are furthur apart than those of epithlial tissues
Definition
true
Term
what are the three basic componets of connective tissues
Definition

specialized cells

extracellular protien fibers

ground substance

Term
true or false ground substance is not a fluid componet of connective tissues
Definition
false
Term
true or false connective tissue dont bind body structures
Definition
false
Term
true or false connective tissue provide support and protection
Definition
true
Term
true or false connective tissue does not create frameworks
Definition
false
Term
true or false connective tissue fill body spaces
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue does not store fat
Definition
false
Term
true or false CT tissue stores fat
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue produce blood cells
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue transport fluids and dissolved materials
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue does not repair damaged tissues
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue does not protect the body from infection
Definition
false
Term
what is the matrix
Definition
extracellular protein fibers and ground substances that surround the cells
Term
true or false the matrix accounts for the majority of connective tissue
Definition
true
Term
true or false CT tissue contain fixed or wandering cells
Definition
true
Term
what is the most common type of fixed cell
Definition
fibroblast
Term
what does the fibroblast produce ?
Definition
produce fibers via protein secretion into the extracellular matrix
Term
what types of connective tissue do fibroblasts produce
Definition

collagenous fibers

elastic fibers

reticular fibers 

Term
what are collagenous fibers important for ?
Definition
body parts that hold structures together
Term
where are elastic fibers found ?
Definition
common in body parts that are often streched such as vocal cords
Term
what do reticular fibers form
Definition
delicate supporting networks in the spleen and other tissues
Term
where are the mast cells found ?
Definition
in connective tissue
Term
what are mast cells
Definition
release heparian and histamine
Term
where are macrophages found
Definition
in CT tissue
Term
what are functions of macrophages
Definition
responsible for phagocytosis
Term
what are adipocytes
Definition
fat cells store body fat
Term
what are functions of melanocytes
Definition
specialized cells found in the deeper epithlium of the skin that are responsible for production of melanin
Term
what does CT proper contain
Definition
have many types of cells and extracellular fibers in a syrup like ground substance
Term
what does dense CT contain
Definition
many collageneous fibers and appears white
Term
true or false loose areolar tissue contains adipose,areolar tissue,and reticular connective tissue
Definition
true
Term
where is adipose tissue found
Definition
lies beneath the skin,between muscles,around the kidneys,behind the eyes,in certain membranes of the abdomen,on heart's surface,around some of the body joints
Term
true or false areolar tissue does not bind skin to underlying organs and fills in spaces between muscles
Definition
false
Term
what does areolar tissue do
Definition
it binds skin to underlying organs and fills in spaces between muscles
Term
what does reticular connective tissue do
Definition
helps to create a framework inside internal organs such as the spleen and liver
Term
How does supporting CT differ from CT proper
Definition
less diverse cell population and a matrix that contains many more densely packaged fibers
Term
what are the two types of supporting CT
Definition
cartilage and bone
Term
true or false there are two types of supporting CT
Definition
true
Term
what is cartilage
Definition
rigid connective tissue with a gelatinous matrix that contains an abudance of fibers
Term
what are cartilage cells called
Definition
chrondocytes
Term
where are chrodocytes found
Definition
lie totally inside the cellular matrix
Term
what is cartilage enclosed in
Definition
perichrondrium
Term
what is the function of the perichrondrium
Definition
provides nutrients via diffusion but with no direct blood supply
Term
true or false cartilage heals slowly
Definition
true
Term
what are the three main types of cartilage
Definition

hyaline

elastic

fibrocartilage 

Term
where is hyaline cartilage found
Definition
on the ends of bones, in many joints, soft portion in the nose, respiratory passages of the supporting rings
Term
true or false hyaline cartilage is not important for bone growth
Definition
false
Term
what is hyaline cartilage important for
Definition
bone growth
Term
true or false elatic cartilage is not flexible
Definition
false
Term
true or false elastic cartliage does not provide a framework for the ears and larynx
Definition
false
Term
what does elastic cartilage provide a framework for
Definition
ears and larynx
Term
what is fibrocartilage
Definition
tough form of cartilage that absorbs shock in the spinal column,knees,and pelvic girdle
Term
what is bone ?
Definition
it is the most rigid type of CT tissue with high mineral content
Term
true or false bone does not consist of a matrix CT tissue,blood vessels,and minerals
Definition
false
Term
what does bone consist of
Definition
matrix of CT tissue,blood vessels,and minerals
Term
true or false bone marrow is the soft tissue that fills the inside of bones
Definition
true
Term
what is the site for the production of red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets
Definition
bone marrow
Term
what are bone cells called
Definition
osteocytes
Term
what do osteocytes consist of
Definition
small amount of ground substance and dense mineralized mix
Term
what do the osteocytes and layers of the extracellular matrix form
Definition
they form the cylinder shaped osteon also called Haversion system
Term
what do mant osteons cemented together form
Definition
the substance of bone
Term
true or false blood and lymph are types of fluid connective tissues that contain distinctive collections of cells in a fluid matrix
Definition
true
Term
what does blood contain
Definition
the formed elements RBC,WBC,Platelets
Term
what are the formed elements suspended in
Definition
plasma
Term
true or false lymph forms as intersitial fluid entering lymphatic vessels which return it to the CV system
Definition
true
Term
how do muscle tissues contract
Definition
by shortening their elongated muscle fibers
Term
what are the three types of muscle tissue
Definition

skeletal

smooth

cardiac 

Term
true or false skeletal muscle tissuse is not known as voluntary
Definition
false
Term
where does skeletal muscle attach to
Definition
attaches to bones
Term
what is skeletal muscle composed of
Definition
long thread like cells that have long and dark striations
Term
how do skeletal muscle contract
Definition
stiumlations by nerve cells
Term
where is skeletal muscle tissue found
Definition
in muscles under your own control
Term
what is smooth muscle composed of
Definition
elongated,spindle shaped cells in muscles not under voulntary control
Term
true or false smooth muscle cells are shorter than striated fibers having only one nucleus per spindle shaped fiber
Definition
true
Term
true or false smooth muscle tissue can also be called nonstirated invoulntary muscles or unstriated muscles
Definition
true
Term
true or false smooth muscle cells can't divide
Definition
false
Term
true or false smooth muscle cells can regenerate after being injured
Definition
true
Term
true or false smooth muscle cells can't be controlled by conscious effort
Definition
true
Term
where is the cardiac muscle  tissue found
Definition
thick contractile middle layer of the heart wall
Term
true or false caridac muscle tissue is striated
Definition
true
Term
true or false caridac muscle tissue is involuntary and makes up most of the heart
Definition
true
Term
what is nervous tissue
Definition
specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses from one region of the body to the other
Term
what are the two types of nervous cells
Definition

neurons 

neuroglia 

Term
what are neurons
Definition
the basic structure or neural tissue that respond to environmental changes by transmitting impulses along axons to other neurons,to muscles,or to glands
Term
what are the funtions of neuroglia
Definition
crucial to neuronal functioning, support nervous system componets,phagocytize other cells,supply nutrients to neurons,help in communications b/t cells
Term
true or false membranes form a barrier on an interface
Definition
true
Term
true or false epithelia form membranes covering and protecting other structures and tissues
Definition
true
Term
what are the types of membranes
Definition

serous

mucous

cutaneous

synovial

Term
what are epithlial membranes
Definition
thin structures made up of epithilium and underlying connective tissue
Term
where are serous membranes found
Definition
lining the body cavities that lack openings to the outside of the body
Term
where are mucous membranes found
Definition
lining the body cavities that open to the outside of the body
Term
where are cutaneous membranes found
Definition
the skin
Term
where is the synovial membrane found
Definition
forming an incomplete lining within the cavities of the synovial joints
Term
what happens to CT tissue as we age
Definition
more fragile
Term
what happens to epithilial tissue as we age
Definition
they get thinner
Term
what happens to the bones as we age
Definition
they become more brittle
Term
true or false skin brusing occurs more easily
Definition
true
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