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| Republican congress overrides Trumans veto; outlawed "closed" shop, made unions liable for damages resulting from disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a non-communist oath; slowed growth of organized labor |
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| by the CIO; aimed at unionizing southern textile and union workers but failed |
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| made it govt. policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power; created the 3 member Council of Economic Advisers to provide president with data |
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| Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 a.k.a the GI Bill |
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| gave provisions to send former soldiers to school; enabled the Veterans Administration to guarantee $16 bil. in loans for veterans to buy homes; raised educational levels and stimulated the construction industry |
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| Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt; final plans made for defeating Germany ; Stalin agrees Poland should have a representative govt.; Bulgaria and Romania to have free elections; plans for the UN; Russia agrees to attack Japan 3 months after fall of Germany to gain back Sakhalin island & granted joint control of Manchurian railroads & Darien + port arthur |
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| International Monetary Fund 1944 |
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| encouraged world trade by regulating currency exchange rates |
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| International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) |
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| promoted economic growth in war-ravaged and underdeveloped areas |
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| by George F Kennan; Soviet power could be stopped by strict containment |
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| Truman appears in front of congress; asking for $400 million to bolster Greece and Turkey (help them to resist being overcome by the Soviets) |
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| George C Marshall (Sect. of State) invites Europeans to come togetther to work out a joint plan for economic recovery w/ US providing much financial aid; invites the Soviet Union but purposely makes the terms hard to accept (so they dont accept) |
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| created Dept. of Defense; mandated major reorganization of foreign policy and military establishments |
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| headed by new Secretary of Defense; civilian secretaries of army, navy, and new air force |
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| National Security Council |
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| est. by National Security Act; advises president on security matters |
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| est. by National Security Act; coordinate the government's foreign fact-gathering |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) pact |
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| pledged to regard an attack on one as an attack on all (gain respect/trust of european countries) |
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| Supreme Court upholds their convictions sending 11 communists to prison for advocating for overthrow of US govt. by force |
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| McCarran Internal Security Bill |
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| vetoed by Truman, would authorize the president to arrest and detain suspicious persons during an internal security emergency, bill enacted over Truman's veto |
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| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
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| Soviet spies who allegedly leaked atomic data to Moscow, executed by electric chair |
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| Truman's 2nd term policy; called for improved housing, full employment, higher minimum wage, better farm price supports, new TVAs, and an extension of Social Security |
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| sect of state under Truman |
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| said that US should quadruple defense spending; major step in militarization of American foreign policy |
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| autor of feminist classic "The Feminine Mystique" |
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| preachers who used TV to spread their word i.e. Oral Roberts, Fulton J. Sheen |
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| supreme court rules that separate black & white schools arent equal |
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| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas |
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| supreme court rules that segregation in public schools was unequal and unconstitutional; reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson decision |
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| Declaration of Constitutional Principles |
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| Deep south racists pledge their resistance to desegregation |
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| VERY mildly endorsed by Eisenhower; set up the Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights and protect voting rights |
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