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ch.3
studying for exam 1
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What three main parts are the human cells made of?
Definition

plasma membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

Term
fluid mosaic model
Definition
membrane structure that depicts the plasma membrane as an exceedingly thin structure composed of a double layer or bilayer of lipid molecule with protein molecules "plugged into" or dispersed in it
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
"head"; water loving
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
"tail"; two fatty acid chains;water fear
Term
glycolipids
Definition
lipids with attached sugar groups; found on outer plasma membrane surface and account for 5% of the total membrane lipid
Term
integral proteins
Definition
firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer
Term
peripheral proteins
Definition
attached loosely only to integral proteins and are easily removed without disrupting the membrane.
Term
glycocalyx
Definition
clings to the cells surface is enriched both by glycolipids and by glycoproteins secreted by the cell
Term
tight junction
Definition
series of integral protein molecules in the plasma membranes of adjacent cells fuse together, forming an impermeable junction that encricles the cell; helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells
Term
desmosomes
Definition
"binding bodies"; mechanical couplings scattered like revets along the sides of abutting cells that prevent their separation
Term
gap junctions
Definition
"bond"; communcating junction between adjacent cells
Term
selectively permeable barrier
Definition
allows some substances to pass while excluding others. it allows nutrients to enter the cell but keeps many undesirable substances out 
Term
passive processes
Definition
substances cross the membrane without any energy input from the cell
Term
active processes
Definition
the cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) needed to move substances across the membrane
Term
active transport
Definition
requires carrier proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances
Term
vesicular transport
Definition
fluids containing large particles and macromolecules are transported across cellular membranes inside membranous sacs called VESICLES.
Term
exocytosis
Definition
out of the cell
Term
primary active transport
Definition
is the process in which ions are moved across cell membranes against electrochemical gradients using energy supplied directly by ATP
Term
endocytosis
Definition
within the cell
Term
clathrin
Definition
protein coating found on the cytoplasmic face of the pit
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
cell eating; clump of bacteria,cell debis,or inanimate particles
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