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CH 24 the immune system
The immune system
40
Anatomy
Not Applicable
12/15/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
_________ is the body's ability to recognize and destroy specific pathogens and to prevent infectious diseases.
Definition
Immunity
Term
The body's immune system includes?
Definition

Bone Marrow

Lymphoid organs

&

Mononuclear phagocyte system

(also called reticuloendothelial system)

Term
Primary functions of the immune system?
Definition

Defense

Homeostasis

&

Surveillance

Term
What are the two types of WBC?
Definition

Granular

(Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils)

&

Agranular

(Monocytes and Lymphocytes)

Term
1._________ help to protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells. 2.__________ develop into cells that produce antibodies (plasma cells)
Definition

1.T cells (T Lymphocytes)

 

2.B cells (B Lymphocytes)

 

Key Concept

Lymphocytes formed in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues are able to transform into specialized cells called B cells and T cells. B cells provide humoral immunity by reacting to the presence of antigens to produce antibodies. These antibodies then target antigens for destruction. T cells, which proliferate at the direction of thymic hormones, attacked infected cells and provide cell-mediated immunity.

Term

Immunity created by the B lymphocytes

&

The body's resistance to circulating disease-producing antigens and bacteria.

Definition

Humoral Immunity

 

(Humoral= Body Fluid)

Term
_________ (Large cell) engulf and destroy antigens after antibodies have identified them for destruction.
Definition

Macrophages

(Large cell derived from a monocyte)

Term
Any foreign substance or molecule entering the body that stimulates an immune response.
Definition

Antigen

(Ag)

Term
Protein substance that the body produces in response to an antigen.
Definition

Antibody

(Ab)

Term

Antibodies are commonly called 1._______ or 2._________.

 

Definition

1.Gamma Globulins

 

2.Immunoglobulins

Term
What are the five basic groups of immunoglobulins?
Definition

1.IgM

2.IgG

3.IgA

4.IgE

5IgD

Term

Immunoglobulin

Stimulates complement activity.

 

This is the antibody produced upon initial exposure to an antigen (such as after a first tetanus vaccination)


 

Definition

IgM

 

IgM is abundant in the blood but is not usually present in organs and tissues.

Term
Which immunoglobulin is abundant in the blood?
Definition
IgM
Term

Immunoglobulin

Protects the fetus before birth againt antitoxins, viruses, and bacteria

 

It is the only antibody transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta.

Definition

IgG

 

Most common antibody and is produced upon second and future exposures to an antigen

Term
The most common antibody and is produced upon second and future exposures to an antigen
Definition
IgG
Term

Immunoglobulin

Protects muscosal surfaces.

 

The major componenet of secretions such as saliva, tears, and bronchial fluids.

Definition

IgA

 

Important in the defense against invasion of microbes via the nose, eyes, lungs, and intestines.

Term

Immunoglobulin

Responsible for immediate-type allergic reactions, including latex allergies.

 

 

Definition

IgE

 

Helpful in the developing world in fighting against parasitic infections, such as river blindness.

Term

Immunoglobulin

Function as an antigen receptor

 

It is present in the blood in very small amounts

Definition
IgD
Term
The body can make about ___________ individual antibodies.
Definition
1 Million
Term
T cells (T Lymphocytes) produce an immunity called?
Definition
Cell-mediated immunity
Term
T cells (T lymphocytes) are generally responsible for fighting 1.________, 2.________, and 3.________.
Definition

1. Cancer Cells

2. Viruses

3. Intracellular parasites

Term
This cell is responsible for tissue and organ rejections after transplantation
Definition

T cells(T lymphocytes)

 

T Cells can differentiate between "self" and "non-self".

Term
Macrophages, when combined with T cells, release a substance called?
Definition

Interleukins

 

(Stimulates T cell growth)

Term

Kills certain microbes and cancer cells.

 

Slightly larger than a B or a T cell.

Definition

Natural killer cell

 

also secretes some cytokines.

Term
proteins that act as messengers to help regulate some of the functions of the lymphocytes and macrophages during the process of immune response.
Definition

Cytokines

 

 

Term

Considered as a central or primary lymphoid organ.

 

Definition

Thymus

 

Most active early in life and begins to atrophy at puberty.

Term
This system is concerned with the destruction of worn-out blood cells.
Definition
The mononuclear phagocyte system
Term
___________ are considered the final line of defense against disease.
Definition
Specific defense mechanisms
Term
Two main categories of specific immmunity?
Definition

Inborn

&

Acquired

Term
___________ immunity that is inherited or genetic.
Definition
Inborn
Term
_________ is attained through natural or artificial sources.
Definition

Acquired immunity

 

Key concept

Exposure to disease-causing organisms during one's life stimulates the process of acquired immunity.

Term
____________ occures between mothers and their infants. Immunity is transferred from mother to fetus during pregnancy via the placental circulation exchange.
Definition
Naturally acquired passive immunity.
Term
What is Spina Bifida?
Definition
High risk in latex allergy
Term
__________ results when a  child is exposed to, and develops, a disease (Eg, measles or chickenpox) and subsequently builds up antibodies to infections that are caused by the same organism.
Definition
Naturally acquired active immunity
Term
_________occures when a person is deliberately exposed to a causative agent. Can also be acquired through active or passive means.
Definition
Artificially acquired immunity
Term
_________ occures when a person is not deliberately exposed to a causative agent. This immunity can occure both actively and passively.
Definition
Naturally acquired immunity
Term
__________ occures through an injection of the causative agent (antigen) into the person's system. This is called vaccination, inoculation, or immunization; the substance injected is called a vaccine.
Definition
Artificially acquired active immunity
Term
_________ occures with the injection of ready-made antibodies into a person's system
Definition
Artifically acquired passive immunity.
Term
___________ changes an antigen, rendering it harmless to the body. This can be compared to a "Lock-and-Key" mechanism.
Definition
Antibody-mediated immunity
Term
Another mechanism for antigen destruction is called?
Definition

Complement fixation

 

A complement is a group of proteins normally present, but inactive, in the blood.

 

These complements help in the attack on invading antigens.

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