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| in 1770s the social and political system of France remained in place, people of France divided into three large social classes |
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| three large social classes that the people of France were divided into |
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| Queen was Marie Antoinette , have extravagant spending, inherited considerable debt from previous Kings, borrowed heavily to help Americans revolutionaries against Great Britain |
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| interfering into the government and gave bad advice, spent large amounts of money on gallons, jewels, gambling, and gifts known as Madame deficit |
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| – an assembly of representatives from all three states to approve tax on nobility |
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| – the third states delegates and said they would pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people, proclaimed the under absolute monarchy and beginning of representative government |
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| – pledge to stay in tennis court until they had drawn up a new constitution nobles and members of the clergy who favored reform join third estate delegates |
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senseless panic about rumors that nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants
peasants became outlaws the broke into nobles manors houses and destroying legal papers that bound them to pay feudal dues, some burned down Manor houses |
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| new legislative body, power to create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war, King still held executive power to enforce laws |
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| any of the Frenchmen, at first mostly aristocrats, who fled France in the years following the French Revolution of 1789 |
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| those without Knee breeches , wore regular trousers instead of fancy knee – length pants |
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| members of a radical political organization, the Jacobin |
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| beheading device, how the former King was killed, |
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a Jacobin leader, set out to build Republic of virtue by wiping out any trace of France's past
change calendar, divided year into 12 months of 30 days and renamed each month
no Sundays because of religion being considered old-fashioned and dangerous
Robespierre became leader of the committee of public safety and ruled friends as a dictator |
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Period when Robespierre was ruling, and abusive revolution were tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon
enemies who troubled Robespierre the most were fellow radicals challenged leadership and received death sentences for not being as radical |
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sent to military school at nine, at 16 became lieutenants in artillery, army of the new government, when loyalist rebels marched on national convention Napoleon was told to defend delegates with a Canonade causing attackers to disburse
directory appointed him to lead French Army against Austria and King Dome of Sardinia |
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| "blow to the state" sudden seizure of power like Napoleon is known as coup |
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– vote of the people
a vote of the people was held to approve a new constitution and citizens desperate for leadership voted overwhelmingly in favor |
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| government runs public schools, open to male students of all backgrounds, graduates appointed to public office on basis of merit |
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| agreement, established new relationship between church and state, government recognized influence of church but rejected church control on state, signed by Napoleon |
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| comprehensive system of laws, gave the country a uniform set of laws and eliminated injustices |
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Napoleon lost in drive for a European Empire, naval defeat took place off the southwest coast of Spain against the British commander Horatio Nelson, a brilliance in sea warfare
Shadegg use was splitting the French fleet back captured many ships |
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| a forcible closing of ports to prevent all trading or communication |
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| – policy to make Continental Europe more self-sufficient and blockaded Great Britain from other European nations |
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because Spain lies on the Iberian Peninsula, lost 300,000 men
nationalism, loyalty to one's own country was becoming a powerful weapon against Napoleon in Spain and elsewhere
guerrillas not an Army so they could not be defeated in open battle, worked in small groups to ambush French troops and and flee ,British sent troops to aid Spanish |
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| burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so as to leave nothing for the enemy to eat |
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| a village in Belgium when Napoleon attacked the Allied armies and British Army defended ground all day, Prussian army arrived and the British and Prussian forces attacked the French and Napoleons exhausted troops gave way allowing British and Prussian forces to chase them from field |
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Napoleons last bid for power
British ships Napoleon to St. Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic where he lived in lonely exile for six years writing his memoirs died in 1821 |
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| a series of meetings in Vienna, called to set up policies to achieve goal of long-lasting peace and stability on the continent of Europe, scheduled for four weeks instead went on for eight months |
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Foreign Minister of Austria, Prince, distrusted democratic ideals of the French Revolution, believed to Napoleon's behavior was outcome of democracy
wanted to prevent French aggression by surrounding it with strong countries |
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no country would be a threat to others
France contained by uniting groups of countries around France |
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| agreeing that as many possible of the rulers home Napoleon had driven out from the road be restored to power |
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| pledged to base their relations with other nations on Christian principles to combat the forces of revolution, signed by Czar Alexander I, Emperor Francis the first of Austria and King Frederick William III of Prussia |
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| – a series of alliances devised by Metternich, ensuring that nations would help one another if revolutions broke out |
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| –(Colonists born in Spain) |
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