Term
| What is the funtion of the Cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| To transport materials to and from cells. |
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Term
| Materials transported to and from cells are: 5 of them |
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Definition
-Oxygen and CO2
-Nutrients
-Hormones
-Immune system components
-waste products |
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Term
| What are the main components of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
-A pump
-A conducting system (blood vessels)
-A fluid medium (blood) |
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Term
| What is characterized by fluid of connective tissue and contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix. |
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Definition
| The blood (A fluid medium) |
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Term
| What has a high viscosity and is three times thicker than water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is slightly alkaline at 7.35 - 7.45 |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood volume is ___ % of body weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood volume in Adult male is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood volume in adult females is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport of dissolved substances is a _________ of blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Regulation of ____ and _____ is a funtion of blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Restriction of _____ losses at injury sites is a funtion of blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Defense against_____ and ______ is a funtion of blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ of body temperature is a function of blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma and formed elements are characteristics of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma has __________ plasma proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide are characteristics of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three types of formed elements in whole blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RBC or WBC are part of the immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cell fragments involved in clotting? |
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Definition
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Term
| A process of producing formed elements is? |
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Definition
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Term
| A process of seperating whole blood for clinical analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Albumins, Globulins, and fibrinogens are what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Albumins are ____% of plasma proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Globulins are ____% of plasma proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrinogens are _____% of plasma proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport substances such as fatty acids, thyroid hormones and steroid hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins |
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Definition
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Term
| hormone-binding proteins, metalloproteins, apolipoproteins(lipoproteins)and steroid-binding proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules that form clots and produce long, insoluble strands of fibrin= fibrous protein |
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Definition
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Term
| The red pigment that gives whole blood its color |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Binds and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| What has a high surface to volume ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because of ____ having a high surface to volume ratio they can quickly _______ and release ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In RBC, disc form stacks called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In RBC, what smooths the flow through narrow blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Discs ____ and _____entering small capallaries= 7.8 um |
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Definition
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Term
| RBC pass through ____ capallaries. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What lacks a nuclei, mitochondria and ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has no repair and anaerobic metabolism because the lack of nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| What breaks hemoglobin into its components? |
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Definition
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Term
In the breakdown of hemoglobin....
Globular protein to _________ |
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Definition
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Term
In the breakdown of hemoglobin......
Heme (pigment in RBC) TO _______ |
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Definition
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Term
After phagocytes break hemoglobin to it components:
Globular proteins to________
Heme to ______
and _______. |
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Definition
amino acids
biliverdin
iron |
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Term
| Hemoglobin breakdown products in urine due to excess hemolysis in blood stream = |
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Definition
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Term
| Whole red blood cells in urine due to kidney or tissue damage = |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs only in RED BONE MARROW in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| Stem cells in red bone marrow divide to produce |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ become RBC, some WBC. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphoid stem cells become |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids, Iron, Vitamin B12, B6 and Folic acid are required for what? |
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Definition
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Term
What is secreted by kidneys when oxygen in peripheral tissues is low (hypoxia)
Due to disease or high altitude. |
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Definition
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Term
| What blood cell does not have hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which blood cell has a neclei and other organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
Functions of ________
Defend against pathogens
Remove toxins and wastes
Attack abnormal cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrophils are a type of RBC or WBC |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of WBC has a pale cytoplasm with lysosomal enzymes and bactericides (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) |
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Definition
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Term
| When you see pus that means that this type of WBC is working |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first to attack bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Phagocytosis is when ______ engulf pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrophils digest pathogens by ________ and ________. |
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Definition
| degranulation and defensins. |
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Term
| The release of antimicrobial cytotoxic molecutles from secretory vesicles(granules) |
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Definition
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Term
| Defensins are proteins that |
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Definition
| attack membranes by poking holes in the membrane |
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Term
| The release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to the ______ response |
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Definition
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Term
| Defensins (proteins) are packaged in primary granules and they fuse with ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| During _________, defensin-rich primary granules (red) fuse with ______ in which they generate ____ concentrations of defensins. |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis/phagocytic vacuoles/high |
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Term
| Which WBC attacks large parasites and excretes toxic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitric oxide (NO) and cytotoxic enzymes are toxic enzymes of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What destroys the membranes of invaders? |
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Definition
| the toxic compounds NO & Cytotoxic enzymes of Eosinophils |
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Term
| Which WBC accumulate in damaged tissue, release histamines and release heparin? |
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Definition
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Term
| The release of histamines _____ blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| The release of heparin _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What help us bring in more blood to deal with pathogen infection? |
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Definition
| The release of histamin by the basophil |
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Term
| Which WBC enters peripheral tissues and becomes macrophages, engulf large particles and pathogens, secrete substances that attract immune system cells and fibrocytes to injured area? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which WBC migrates in and out of blood, mostly in connective tissues and lymphatic organs and are part of the body's specific defense system? |
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Definition
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Term
| T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells are classes of what kind of WBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which class of lymphocyte is cell-mediated immunity and attack foreign cells directly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which class of lymphocyte deals with humoral immunity, differentiate into plasma cells and sythesize antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What class of lymphocyte detects and destroys abnormal tissue cells (cancer)? |
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Definition
| natural killer cells (NK) |
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Term
(platelets)Cell fragments involved in human clotting system
Circulate for ______ days. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell fragments (platelets) in human clotting system are removed by the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2/3 are reserved for emergencies |
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Definition
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Term
Three functions of the _______ are
release of important clotting chemicals
temporarily patch damaged vessel walls
actively contract tissue after clot formation |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelet production is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the cessation of bleeding called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many stages of hemostasis are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular stage, platelet plug formation and blood clotting are stages of? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the vascular phase ______ muscle in artery ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What phase of hemostasis does the platelets stick to parts of damaged blood vessel, become activated and accumulate lare numbers |
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Definition
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Term
| Serum in blood plasma minus ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Series of chemical reactions culminating in formation of fibrin threads |
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Definition
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Term
| What two ions are essential to the clotting process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extrinsic or intrinsic pathways lead to the formation of prothrombinase (this is a phase of what) |
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Definition
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Term
| Prothrombinase (enzyme) converts prothrombin (made by liver) into thrombin (coagulation protein)this is a phase of what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| thrombin converts fibrogen (soluble) to fibrin (insoluble) forming the threads of the clot. What phase of clotting is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extrinsic or intrinsic? Tissue factor or thromboplastin leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and iniates formation of prothombinase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extrinsic or intrinsic? Activators are either in direct contact with blood or contained within the blood. Also forms prothrombinase |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the slow process of dissolving a clot |
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Term
| Activated by thrombomodulin and is a major physiological anticoagulant |
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Definition
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Term
| Vasodilator;prevents formation of the platelet plug |
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Definition
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Term
| What digests fibrin strands? |
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Definition
| plasmin. produced by plasminogen |
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