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| Who did we get the idea of capitalism from? |
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| Who were considered the fathers of the enlightenment? |
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| Peter the Great promoted 2 things? |
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| westernization and christianity |
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| Who came up with the idea of the social contract where people should control the gov't? |
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| What idea did Montesquieu propose? |
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| Separation of powers (checks and balances) |
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| Who did we get the idea of free speech from? |
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| What did Renes Decartes say separated us from animals? |
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| Why did Catherine the Great expand russia? |
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| So Russia could gain access to the warm water ports of the black sea. |
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| What two things do Baroque art emphasize? |
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| Who came up with the first geocentric theory? |
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| Who came up with the first heliocentric theory? |
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| Who built a telescope and was under house arrested his whole life because he was accused of heresy by the catholic church? |
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| What did Galileo discover? |
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| He calculated the planets and stars' locations. Because of his precise observations, John kepler was able to point out that the planets moved in an elliptical path. |
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| What were Newton's five major accomplishments? |
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*gravity
*invented calculus
*light spectrum
*reflecting telescope
*binomial theorem |
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| Isaac Newton and many other scientists of the 16th-18th century believed in ______. |
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| William Harvey added what to Vesalius' theory? |
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| The circulation of blood from the heart |
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| a heavy calculating machine |
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| Decartes invented the ______. |
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| What were four reasons for the Witch-hunt? |
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| jealousy, bad economy, bad crops, boredom |
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| Who promoted woman rights? |
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| did baroque art and was an prominent Italian sculptor and architect |
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| What 3 groups did the Estates general represent? |
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| military revolution (obvious) |
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*increase in army size
*firearms production
*drilling techniques
*improved fortifications
*navy innovations |
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| What was Europe's balance of power? |
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| Each state allied against another to prevent one from becoming too powerful. |
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| What was the backbone of English military? |
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| In ______, England merged with scotland to become Great Britain. |
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| Spain was a powerful state but where did it screw up? |
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The economy
*inflation
*plus they expelled skilled merchants who had other religious affiliations
*dutch rebellions |
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| Netherlands prosperity illustrated what? |
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| Holland's library illustrated what concept? |
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| What was the financial revolution? |
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| Debts caused by Anglo-Dutch wars persuaded government to intervene in economy. |
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| Who was the financial advisor to Louis XIV? |
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| What did Colbert do to raise revenues for the King? |
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*new tax collection methods
*promoted economic developments overseas
*improved transportation in France |
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| What did England do to promote their economy? |
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*tax rich
*no middlemen tax collector
*securing lowcost loans |
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| The growth of cities depended on who? |
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| What were the rich merchants called? |
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| What was consumed by almost everyone in Europe? |
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| Europe's merchants relied on _______ and ______ networks. |
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| T/F: Young europeans usually had the freedom of marriage. |
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| T/F The "unworthy poor" were exempt from taxes |
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| Classical education is _______ education. |
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| What were new financial instituions(4)? |
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*Banks
*Joint-stock companies
*stock-exchanges
*insurance companies |
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| sold stock to individuals |
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| where shares in company/business are bought and sold. |
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| The French built the canal du Midi to link what two body of oceans? |
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| Atlantic ocean and Mediterranean sea |
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| Who was a renowned map maker during this period? |
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| What was Mercator's projection and why was it advantageous to sailors? |
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| parallel longitude lines; could plot their course by drawing straight line |
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| How would you described the peasantry's lives during this era? |
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| worsened due to decline in agriculture |
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| What was the little ice age? |
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| cool climate that begun in 1590s in europe and lasted for a century |
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| 1694 - _______, cold spell caused ________ in Finland. |
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| what helped feed the hungry European mass? |
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| imported crops such as potatoes and maizes from the Americas |
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| What factors worsened the lives of the peasantry during the Early modern European period(4)? |
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*little ice age
*deforestation
*excessive taxes
*decline of agriculture due two first 2 causes |
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| Sweden and Russia had an abundance of |
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| Sweden and Russia were major |
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| Who made the famous theory that everyone was born with a tabula rasa or blank state? |
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| Who wrote "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs" ? |
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| Who wrote Candide and what did the author promote in it? |
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| Voltaire;freedom of speech |
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| Who wrote "Spirit of the Laws" ? |
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| author of "The Social Contract" in which both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke analyzed the ideas of/ |
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| Who wrote discourse on methods? |
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| What did Adam Smith write? |
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| What did Andreas Vesalius write? |
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| Who wrote Celestial mechanics |
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*initiated reforms that modernized Prussia
*Defended prussia against invasions |
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| Who discovered the Supernova? |
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| who was the primary editor of the Encylopedia |
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| Who discovered the mathematical theory of probability |
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| Who promoted an inductive way of thinking? |
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