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ch 15-19
brain, endocrine
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/09/2011

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Term
the prosencephalon form the diencephalon which forms...
Definition
thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
prosencephalon forms telencephalon which forms...
Definition
cerebrum
Term
the mesencephalon forms..
Definition
midbrain
Term
rhombencephalon forms myelencephalon which forms...
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
rhombencephalon forms metencephalon which forms....
Definition
pons and cerebellum
Term
falx cerebri separates
Definition
cerebrum
Term
falx cerebelli separates....
Definition
cerebellum
Term
tentorium cerebelli separates...
Definition
cerebrum from cerebellum
Term
CSF is produced by......covering the....
Definition
ependymal cells, choroid plexus
Term
the CSF flow...
Definition
from lateral ventricles into interventricular foramen into 3rd ventricle through cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle through the median and 2 lateral apertures into the subarachnoid and is reabsorbed by arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus.
Term
the medulla contains....
Definition
ascending/descending tracts, respiratory/cardiovascular center, nucleus gracilis/cuneatus, olive
Term
the tectum of the midbrain possesses the....which possesses the....
Definition
corpora quadrigemina, inferior/superior colliculi
Term
the superior colliculi is the reflex center for movements of the head and....
Definition
eyes to visual stimuli
Term
the inferior colliculi is the reflex center for movement of the head and....
Definition
trunk to auditory
Term
the hypothalamus is divided into....
Definition
mammillary, tuberal, supraoptic, preoptic
Term
the mammillary region is...
Definition
relay station for reflexes related to the sense of smell
Term
the tuberal region....
Definition
synthesizes hypothalamic regulating hormones
Term
the supraoptic region...
Definition
synthesizes ADH and oxytocin
Term
the preoptic region....
Definition
is involved in regulating autonomic activities
Term
association fibers allow communication between gyri...
Definition
on the same side
Term
commissural fibers allow communication between gyri....
Definition
in both hemispheres
Term
the primary somatosensory area is located....and recieves....
Definition
post-central gyrus on each parietal lobe;erve impulses for touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, and the body parts are represented unequally
Term
the primary visual cortex is located...
Definition
on the occipital lobe
Term
the primary auditory is located in the....and is involved in the....
Definition
temporal lobe;sensation of pitch and rhythm
Term
the primary gustatory is located in the.....for....
Definition
parietal lobe; taste
Term
the primary olfactory is located in the....for....
Definition
temporal lobe ;smell
Term
the primary motor is located in the.....and are for
Definition
pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe; voluntary contractions and body parts represented unequally
Term
broca's area in the frontal lobe is involved in....
Definition
translation of thought into speech
Term
broca's area controls...
Definition
muscles of larynx, pharynx, and mouth
Term
the broca's area sends impulses to....
Definition
the primary motor to regulate breathing
Term
somatosensory association area is.....to primary somatosensory area and they.....
Definition
integrate & interpret sensations , comparing old tactile memories with new ones
Term
the visual association area in the....is for...
Definition
occipital lobe; relating past visual experiences with present for evaluation
Term
wernicke's area in the....determines....
Definition
temporal cortex; if a sound is speech, music, or tone and translates words into thoughts
Term
gnostic area is located....and integrates....
Definition
somatosensory, visual, and auditory association areas; many sensory inputs into a common thought
Term
the pre-motor association area is involved in...
Definition
learned motor activities of a complex & sequential nature
Term
the frontal eye field is located in the....and controls....
Definition
frontal cortex; voluntary scanning movements of the eyes
Term
phasic receptors....
Definition
adapt to a stimuli
Term
tonic receptors.....
Definition
don't adapt to a stimuli
Term
heat, cold, and pain receptors are...
Definition
free nerve endings
Term
A delta fibers are for....
Definition
fast pain transmission
Term
C fibers are for.....
Definition
slow pain transmission
Term
cones are for...
Definition
color vision
Term
rods are for...
Definition
night vision
Term
the blind spot is the location where...
Definition
the optic nerve exits the eye;no photoreceptors
Term
cones are concentrated in the....-area of....
Definition
fovea centralis; highest visual acuity
Term
the middle ear contains.....these are called....
Definition
3 ossicles; malleus, incus, stapes
Term
these ossicles transduce....into....
Definition
sound waves; mechanical energy(fluid movement in the cochlea)
Term
the tectorial membrane and basilar membrane are in the....and are responsible for the....
Definition
inner ear; transduction of mechanical energy into nerve impulses(organ of cortae)
Term
the utricle and saccule contain....
Definition
receptors for gravity and linear acceleration
Term
the semicircular canals contain....
Definition
receptors for rotational movement
Term
pineal gland secretes....its function is....
Definition
melatonin; regulate biological clock, induces natural sleep, inhibits reproductive activity, shuts down ovulation, slow aging via the removal of free radicals, enhance immunity
Term
the hypothalamus secretes the following...
Definition
Thyrotropin releasing hormone - TSH & prolactin, Corticotropin releasing hormone – ACTH, Gonadotropin releasing hormone - FSH & LH, Growth hormone releasing hormone – GH, Growth hormone inhibiting hormone - GH & TSH, Prolactin releasing factor – Prolactin, Prolactin inhibiting hormone - Prolactin
Term
the anterior pituitary gland secretes....
Definition
Growth hormone (somatotropin) - Regulating overall body growth, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Stimulates thyroid hormone secretion; growth of thyroid gland, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Stimulates cortisol secretion by adrenal cortex; growth of adrenal cortex, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Stimulates gamete production, Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Stimulate ovulation; secretion of estrogen & progesterone in females; testosterone in males, Prolactin - Enhances breast development & milk production
Term
the posterior pituitary gland secretes....
Definition
Oxytocin - Increases uterine contractility; Stimulates milk ejection, Vasopressin - Increases H2O permeability in kidneys’ collecting tubules; Induces arteriolar vasoconstriction
Term
thyroid gland functions via the action of the hormones T3 and T4 and it....
Definition
Increases basal metabolic rate, Calorigenic (heat) effect, Promote synthesis & degradation of carbohydrates, proteins , & fat, Sympathomimetic effect by increasing cell responsiveness to catecholamines via increasing receptor density, Facilitates cardiovascular output, Facilitates the effects of growth hormone, Necessary for proper growth & functioning of the nervous system
Term
C cells are located....in the....and secrete
Definition
between follicles; thyroid gland;calcitonin for proper calcium metabolism = decrease blood calcium levels if they are elevated
Term
parathyroid gland possesses....
Definition
Principal cells synthesize parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases the blood calcium levels by acting on the bones, kidneys, & small intestines & Oxyphil cells are support cells & store reserve quantities of PTH
Term
the adrenal glands are divided into 3 zones...
Definition
Zona glomerulosa - aldosterone production, Zona fasciculata - cortisol production, sex hormone production, & Zona reticularis - cortisol production, sex hormone production
Term
the hormone classes released by the adrenal glands are...
Definition
Mineralcorticoids - mineral balance, Glucocorticoids - energy metabolism, Sex hormones
Term
mineralcorticoids for mineral balance have the following functions....
Definition
Na+ retention in distal & collecting tubules, Enhances K+ secretion, Activated by renin-angiotensin system due to blood pressuredrop/Na+ decrease, Angiotensin stimulates growth of the zona glomerulosa
Term
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) for glucose, fat, & protein metabolism; transported by transcortin......
Definition
Increase blood glucose at the expense of protein & fat stores (Inhibits glucose uptake by tissues, except the brain, Stimulates protein degradation, Facilitates lipolysis - lipid breakdown); Regulated by ACTH from the anterior pituitary (ACTH stimulates growth & secretion of the zona fasciculata & reticularis; ACTH release regulated by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus)
Term
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).....
Definition
overpowered by male testosterone, Significant in females to induce pubic & axillary hair; enhance pubertal growth spurt; development & maintenance of female sex drive
Term
epinephrine and nor-epinephrine from adrenal glands stimulates...
Definition
hepatic gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis, increases overall metabolic rate, increased CNS alertness
Term
insulin is secreted by....
Definition
Secreted by b cells in the Islets of Langerhans, Promote storage; lowers blood glucose, glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen) in skeletal muscle & liver, inhibits glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose), inhibits gluconeogenesis (amino acids to glucose)
Term
diabetes-type I....type II....
Definition
lack of insulin; reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells
Term
glucagon secreted by....opposite action to....
Definition
pancreatic islet a cells; insulin, increase blood glucose
Term
kidney secretes...which functions as...
Definition
erythropoetin; RBC production in the bone marrow
Term
stomach secretes.... which....
Definition
gastrin; stimulates gastric activity
Term
small intestines secretes...which..
Definition
CCK; stimulates bile and pancreatic secretions
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