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| events and conditions that either push people to move elsewhere or strongly pull them to do so |
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| in 1862 and 1864 the US government gave large grants of land to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads |
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| Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 |
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| gave state governments millions of acres of western lands which they could sell to raise money for the creation of land grant colleges specializing in agriculture and mechanical arts |
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| people who bought up large areas of land in the hope of selling it later for a profit |
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Lincoln's plan to settle the west in 1862
receive a 160 acres of land if you were 21 years old, a citizen or filing to be one, built a home and lived there for 6 months and farmed it for 5 years |
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| a name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek a new place to live. |
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| the vast grassland between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains |
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| people who travel from place to place, usually following a food source |
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a tract of public land set apart for a special purpose, as for the use of an Indian tribe. |
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| Battle of Little Big Horn |
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| also called Custer's Last Stand, was an engagement between the combined forces of the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne tribes against the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. The most famous of all of the Indian Wars, the remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne |
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| a native American ritual in which people joined hands and whirled in a circle |
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| in 1890 the event that ended the last of the Indian wars in America. As the year came to a close, the Seventh Cavalry of the United States Army brought an horrific end to the century-long U.S. government-Indian armed conflicts. |
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adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the land into allotments for individual Native Americans
The stated objective of the Dawes Act was to stimulate assimilation of Indians into American society. Individual ownership of land was seen as an essential step. |
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| settlers who ran in land races to claim land upon the opening of Indian Territory for settlement |
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| In 1889, people who illegally claimed land by sneaking past government officials before the land races began |
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| The process by which one society becomes a part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture |
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| a mining technique in which miners shovel loose dirt into boxes and then run water over the dirt to seperate it from the gold and silver particles |
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| moving cattle from distant ranches to busy railroad centers that shipped the cattle to market |
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| one who farmed claims under the Homestead Act |
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| a sod home in which the walls and roof are made from blocks of sod |
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| techniques used to raise crops in areas that received little rain |
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| farms controlled by large businesses, managed by professionals, and raising massive quantities of a single cash crop |
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| 1893 theory of Frederick Jackson Turner that claimed that the frontier had played a key role in forming the American character |
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| an exaggerated or oversimplified description of reality held by a number of people |
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| the amount of money in the national economy |
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| a drop in the price of goods |
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| the federal government's plan for the make-up and quantity of the nation's money supply |
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| currency of the US prior to 1873 which consisted of gold or silver coins as well as treasury notes that could be traded in for gold or silver |
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| the unlimited coining of silver dollars |
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| 1878 law that required the federal government to purchase and coin more silver, increasing the money supply and causing inflation |
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| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
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| law passed by Congress in 1890 to increase the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month |
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| an organization that helped farmers form cooperatives and pressured state legislators to regulate businesses on which farmers depended |
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| 1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses |
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| a follower of the the People's Party, or Populist party, formed in 1891 to advocate for a larger money supply and other economic reforms |
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William Jennings Bryant's 1896 speech at the Democratic convention
one of the most famous speeches in US history |
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