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CH 1-3 Lecture
Lecture notes for ch. 1-3
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/26/2015

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
Study of the structure of the human body.
Term
Physiology
Definition
How things function in human body.
Term
Gross anatomy
Definition
Things you can see with the naked eye.
Term
Surface Anatomy
Definition
Study of external structures (physical exams)
Term
Radiologic Anatomy
Definition
Study of internal structures (X-ray, MRI, etc.)
Term
Systemic Anatomy
Definition
Study of one organ system
Term
Regional Anatomy
Definition
Study of multiple organ systems (musculoskeletal)
Term
Microscopic Anatomy
Definition
Analysis of cells.
Term
Comparative Anatomy
Definition
Comparison of two different species (human vs. cat)
Term
Histology
Definition
Study of tissues.
Term
Histopathology
Definition
Study of diseased tissues.
Term
Cytology
Definition
Study of individual cells
Term
Inspection
Definition
Method of studying appearance.
Term
Palpation
Definition
Method of studying a structure by touching/feeling
Term
Auscultation
Definition
Method of studying by listening to normal sounds
Term
Percussion
Definition
Method of studying by tapping and listening (edema/hear fluid)
Term
Dissection
Definition
Method of studying by cutting and separating tissue
Term
Radiology
Definition
Branch of medicine concerned with imaging.
Term
Invasive
Definition
When something is inserted into the body
Term
Non-invasive
Definition
No penetration of the body
Term
X-ray
Definition
Absorbed by dense tissues: bones, teeth, tumors
Denser = Whiter
Term
Barium Sulfate
Definition
"Dye" used to visualize hollow organs on x-ray.
Term
Angiography
Definition
Using the dye to see blood vessels on x-ray
Term
Sonography (ultrasound)
Definition
Hand held device
Ultrasound waves reflected back
Fuzzier image than x-ray
Avoids radiation
Term
Echocardiography
Definition
Looking at the berating heart using sonography
Term
CT (CAT) (Computerized Axial Tomography)
Definition
Gives image of slices of the body stacked on top of each other to create a 3D image
Much sharper image than X-ray
Can identify tumors, aneurysms, kidney stones, etc.
Term
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Definition
Visualizes soft tissue
Electromagnet creates magnetic field which causes Hydrogens to align and give off any excess energy
Term
fMRI (functional MRI)
Definition
Look at live images
Can see constant changes
Term
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Definition
Assesses metabolic state of tissue (ensures functioning)
Patient injected with radioactive glucose
Detects gamma rays
Not functioning = not using glucose (Dark Spots)
Term
Situs inversus
Definition
organs switched
No functional problems
Term
Positioning of organs
Definition
spleen, sigmoid colon on left
liver, gall bladder, appendix on right
Term
Viscera
Definition
organs
Term
Dextrocardia
Definition
The position of heart is reversed
Term
Situs perversus
Definition
Single organ is switched
Needs to be fixed
Diagnosed prenatally
Term
Levels of Human Structure
Definition
subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells (smallest living), tissue, organ, organ system, organism (complete individual)
Term
Tissue
Definition
Mass of similar cells
Term
Organ
Definition
2 or more types of tissue
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Feet forward, palms facing out
Term
Supine
Definition
Face up
Term
Prone
Definition
Face down
Term
Sagittal
Definition
Divides vertically (left and right sides) could be off centered
Term
Median (Midsagittal)
Definition
Straight down the middle
Term
Parasagittal
Definition
vertical, off to the side
Term
Frontal (coronal)
Definition
Divided vertically (anterior and posterior)
Term
Transverse
Definition
Divided horizontal (Superior and Inferior)
Term
Axial Region
Definition
Head, trunk, and neck

Trunk divided by diapraghm
-above: thoracic
-below: abdominal region (9 regions)
Term
Appendicular
Definition
Upper Limbs:
Brachial (Arm)
Antebrachial (Forearm)
Carpal (Wrist)
Manual (Hand)
Digits (Fingers)

Lower Limbs
Femoral (Thigh)
Crual (Leg)
Tarsal (ankle)
Pedal (Foot)
Digit (Toes)
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
Enclosed by cranium
contains brain
Term
Vertebral Canal
Definition
Enclosed by vertical column (backbone)
Spinal cord
Term
Cranial cavity and vertebral canals
Definition
Both lined by meninges (3 layers)
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
Divided by Mediastinum (abdominal) and Superior cavity (heart/lungs)
Between lungs from base of neck to diaphragm.
Term
Pericardium
Definition
2 layer membrane around heart
Term
Visceral Pericardium
Definition
Inner layer "surface" of heart
Term
Parietal Pericardium
Definition
Outer surface
Separated by small space- pericardial cavity
filled with pericardial fluid
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