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CH.1
the study of anatomy and physiology
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/10/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Anatomy

 

Definition
Study of body structure
Term
Physiology
Definition
science of body functions
Term
histology
Definition
study of tissues
Term
cytology
Definition
like histology, uses a microscope, but restricts the study to individual cellular structures
Term
Pathology
Definition
study of anatomical changes due to disease
Term
levels of organization
Definition

chemical

-atomic

-molecular

cellular

tissue

organ

system

organism

Term
six important life processes
Definition

metabolism

responsiveness

movement

growth

differentiation

reproduction

Term
homeostasis
Definition
all parts of body must be functioning together in a process called
Term
equilibrium
Definition
(balance) in the body's internal environment. it is a dynamic vondition meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life
Term
control of homeostasis is constantly being challenged by stressors that create imbalance in the extracellular fluid (ECF) such as:
Definition

-physical insults: such as intense heat or lack of oxygen

-changes in the internal environment: such as a drop in blood glucose due to lack of food

-physiological stress: such as demands of work or school.

Term
feedback system has three basic compenents:
Definition

-receptor(structure that senses change)

-integratror (control center)

-effector(structures that carry out commands of the control center)

Term
negative feedback systems
Definition

-reverses a change in a controlled condition

(regulation of blood pressure: force exerted by blood as it presses against the walls of the blood vessels).

 

Term
positive feedback systems
Definition
strengthens or reinforces change in one of the body's controlled conditions(ex:normal child birth)
Term
anatomical position
Definition
-subject stands erect facing observer with the head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on the floor directed forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
Term
cephalic
Definition
head
Term
cranial
Definition
skull
Term

facial

 

Definition
face
Term
frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
temporal
Definition
temple
Term
orbital/occular
Definition
eye
Term
otic
Definition
ear
Term
buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
nasal
Definition
nose
Term
oral
Definition
mouth
Term
mental
Definition
chin
Term
sternal
Definition
breastbone
Term
mammary
Definition
breast
Term

umbilical

 

Definition
navel
Term
coxal
Definition
hip
Term
inguinal
Definition
groin
Term
pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
manual
Definition
hand
Term
pubic
Definition
pubis
Term
dorsum
Definition
top of foot
Term
hallux
Definition
great toe
Term
pedal
Definition
foot
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle
Term
digital/phalangeal
Definition
toes
Term
crural
Definition
leg
Term
patellar
Definition
anterior surface of knee
Term
femoral
Definition
thigh
Term
palmar/volar
Definition
palm
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
antebrachial
Definition
forearm
Term
antecubital
Definition
front of elbow
Term
brachial
Definition
arm
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
superior/inferior
Definition

-above, top, toward head

-below, bottom, away from head

Term
anterior(ventral)/posterior(dorsal)
Definition
toward the front/back
Term
medial/lateral/intermediate
Definition
toward the midline, away from midline, between medial and lateral
Term
proximal/distal
Definition
nearest to orgin, farther from origin
Term
ipsilateral/contralateral
Definition
same side of body/opposite side of body
Term
superficial/deep
Definition
towards the surface/towards the core of the body
Term
visceral/parietal
Definition
pertaining to a covering over an organ/pertaining to a covering against a cavity wall
Term
sagittal
Definition
midline
Term
transverse
Definition
horizontal
Term
frontal
Definition
coronal
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
divides the body into two equal, mirror-image halves.
Term
parasagittal planes
Definition
to the right and the left of the midsagittal that divide the body into the unequal "halves"
Term
frontal or coronal planes
Definition
divides body into anterior and posterior portions
Term
transverse planes
Definition
divide body into superior(upper) and inferior(lower) portions.
Term
oblique planes
Definition
pass through the body or organ at an angle.
Term
dorsal cavity
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
ventral body cavity
Definition
remaining body organs
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