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| people in their home districts and states |
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| A person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular, an elected representative sent to a conference; respond directly to wishes and needs of constituents |
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| represent their districts by exercising their best independent judgements |
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| incumbent advantages over challengers |
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| Name recognition, office resources, campaign funds, bragging rights |
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| projects in which money comes from the federal "pork barrel" or treasury |
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| assigns bills to committees, appoints members to special committees and commissions |
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| House and Senate; permanent committees that handle most legislative business |
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| review proposed legislation |
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| investigate specific problems |
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| made up of members in both house and senate; deal with issues of interest to both chambers |
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| temporary committee that irons out differences between two versions of a bill passed by house and senate |
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| unofficial group that pursues particular goals and interests; no need to be in the same party |
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| unofficial group formed within one political party or chamber of congress |
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| levy and collect taxes, borrow money, regulate interstate and foreign commerce, coin money, declare war |
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| public funds allocated for a particular purpose by legislature |
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| congress duty to help their constituents solve problems that involve the federal gov |
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| congressional committee member's seniority determines their position |
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| first phase of a Bill in a subcommittee; listen to testimonies and gather info from people interested in or who are experts to share |
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| second phase of bill through subcommittee; members amend the bill |
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| third phase of bill through subcommittee; vote on a motion to return bill to full committee |
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| Power of house speaker or senate majority leader to grant permission to speak on house or senate floor |
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| legislative process (3 parts) |
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1. general debate on bill
2. debate and voting on amendments to the bill
3. voting on final passage of bill |
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| prolonged debate or other delaying tactics aimed at blocking the passage of a bill favored by a majority of lawmakers |
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| agreement to end the debate |
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| signals the lawmaker's intention of launching a filibuster |
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| attached amendments totally unrelated to the bill |
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| supporters and opponents stand to be counted |
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| each member's vote is officially recorded |
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| mutual support and cooperation |
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| a postponement of punishment for a crime |
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| a decree that frees a person from punishment for a crime |
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| heads of the executive departments; pres appoints |
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| rule or regulation issued by president or governor that has the force of law |
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| automatic killing of a bill by refusing to sign or veto; only in final days of congressional session |
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| the president and his personal staff of advisers |
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| an employee or former employee who exposes wrongdoing |
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| carry out the work of government in broad areas; agriculture, commerce, labor |
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| help implement federal policy |
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| civilian employees working in government agencies |
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| the period of time an organization uses for its budgeting, record keeping and financial reporting |
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| revenues and expenditures come out even |
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| amount of money a country owes to lenders |
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| tax in which burden falls more heavily on rich than poor; state and federal income tax |
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| tax in which burden falls more heavily on poor than rich; sales tax |
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| benefits that must be provided to all eligible people who seek them; social security, medicare, medicaid |
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| specific spending proposals that members of congress attach to legislation; benefit their home districts |
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| allows gov programs to operate at current funding levels for a fixed period |
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| if congress cannot reach agreement by the time the continuing resolution ends |
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| most important revenue source for federal gov |
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| second major source of fed funding; social security and medicare deductions |
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| tax paid by businesses on their profits each year |
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