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| consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices |
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core of OS (software)
Memory/device/resource management |
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Power Off
Sleep – saves programs and data to RAM, then low power mode
Hibernate - saves programs and data to disk, then power off mode |
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Single tasking – one user, one program
Multitasking – one user, multiple programs
Active program: “foreground”, others: “background”
Multiuser – multiple users, multiple programs
Multiprocessing – multiple processors |
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Memory management
Virtual memory |
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| saves programs and data to RAM, then low power mode |
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| saves programs and data to disk, then power off mode |
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| is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM |
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Paging – swapping data to/from disk to RAM
Thrashing – more time spend paging vs. executing |
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| – more time spend paging vs. executing |
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| – swapping data to/from disk to RAM |
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| simultaneous peripheral operations on-line |
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| Drivers and Plug and Play |
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| small programs that communicate with a specific device |
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| automatically configures new devices as you install them |
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| Stand-alone operating system: |
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complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, and (some) mobile computing devices
Windows
Apple OS X
Unix (“*nix”) e.g. Solaris, HP/UX
Linux (“Unix-like”) |
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designed for medium to large business use, managing network resources
Windows Server 2012 (Windows 8+)
Apple OS X Server (OS X+)
Unix (“*nix”), e.g. Solaris, HP/UX
Linux
zOS/zVM (IBM mainframes)
UNICOS (Cray supercomputers |
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| Embedded operating system |
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: mobile devices and consumer electronics
Windows CE
Palm OS
iOS
Android
Embedded Linux |
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| is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks |
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is a utility that performs functions related to file management
Displaying a list of files
Organizing files in folders
Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders
Creating shortcuts |
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| removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files |
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utility searches for and removes unnecessary filesDownloaded program files
Temporary Internet files
Deleted files
Unused program files |
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reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster
Defragmenting |
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| allows users to copy files to another storage medium |
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| reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form |
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| detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions |
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Malicious Software
A category of software used for hostile purposes
Disruption of operations
Data collection
Illegal access
Including, but not limited to:
Viruses
Spyware
Adware |
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| describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer negatively |
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| copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network |
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| program protects a computer against viruses |
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| hides within or looks like a legitimate program |
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| is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. |
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| detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs |
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| displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window.Adware can be written to behave as spyware. |
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| is a program that detects and deletes adware |
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| are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed |
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| A file compression utility |
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shrinks the size of a file(s)
Compressing files frees up room on the storage media |
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| are Compressed files Can be uncompressed |
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| allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer |
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