Term
| What is the normal position of the head? |
|
Definition
| mid-poisition between flexion and extension |
|
|
Term
| There is an equal loss of rotation in these two capsular patterns for the Cervical spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This capsular pattern of the cervical neck maintains full rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The upper cervical spine is also called this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is included within the upper cervical/craniovertebral spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The upper cervical spine does what |
|
Definition
| allows increased mobility, protects medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| What comprises the lower cervical spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lower cervical spine compromises on what to allow increased mobility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lower cervical spine comprises on stability to allow increased what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the cervicothoracic junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe cervicothoracic junction is made up of what functionally? |
|
Definition
| c7-t2, 1st and 2nd ribs, manubrium |
|
|
Term
| The cervicothoracic junction is what type of zone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The upper cervical joints lack this feature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between C1 and C2 there is little what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stability is provided to the upper cervical joints with what? |
|
Definition
| ligamentous and muscular structures |
|
|
Term
| What are the shape of the occipital condyles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape doe the superior facets of the atlas have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The long axis of the the superior facets of the atlas converge how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would you nod your agreement to atlanto-occipital articulaton being this type of joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe atlanto-occipital articulation is this type of joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atlanto-occipital articulation has two degrees of freedom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atlanto-occipital articulation has how many degrees of flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atlanto-occpital joint articulation has how many degrees of extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-Occipital Arthrokinematics: Flexion |
|
Definition
| both convex occipital condyles glide in the opposite direction of movement of the occiput, (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-Occipital Arthrokinematics: Extension |
|
Definition
| both occipital condyles glide in the opposite direction of the movement of the occiput, anterior |
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-Occipital Arthrokinematics: Sidebending (on side of sidebending) |
|
Definition
| occipital condyles glide medial, inferior, and anterior |
|
|
Term
| Atlanto-Occipital Arthrokinematics: coupled motion of upper cervical |
|
Definition
| rotation and sidebending to opposite sides |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the inferior surfaces of the lateral mass of C1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe superior articular surfaces of C2 are what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe bony configuration of the AA joint may be what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The articular cartilage of the AA joint provides this surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AA Articulation has what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The AA joint has bi-convex articulation meaning |
|
Definition
| vertical height of the joint decreases with movement away from apex of convexity |
|
|
Term
| What articulates with the posterior surface of the anterior arch of the atlas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many synovial joints are there in the AA joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You would shake your head, knowing that the AA is this type of joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The AA joint has these degrees of freedom |
|
Definition
| rotation, flexion/extension |
|
|
Term
| AA Articulation: Range of Motion: Rotation (single direction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AA articulation: Range of motion: Combined flexion/extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atlantoaxial Arthrokinematics: Rotation (to the right) |
|
Definition
| right facet of C1 glides in a posterior direction and the left facet glides anterior |
|
|
Term
| Atlantoaxial Arthrokinematics: Rotation, can be imagined as what |
|
Definition
| Hands on a steering wheel |
|
|
Term
| Atlantoaxial Arthrokinematics: Flexion |
|
Definition
| Both facets roll anterior and glide posterior. Anterior arch of C1 glides caudal on the anterior surface of the Dens |
|
|
Term
| Atlantoaxial Arthrokinematics: Extension |
|
Definition
| both facets roll posterior, glide anterior, anterior arch of C1 glides cephalic on the anterior surface of the dens |
|
|
Term
| The mid/lower cervical spine primarily serves as what? |
|
Definition
| load-bearing structure for compressive forces |
|
|
Term
| THe uncinate processes project in which directio from the posterolateral rims of the vertebral body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe uncinate processes project upwards from the _________ rims of the vertebral body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the uncinate processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe uncinate processes convert the planar plateau into what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe articulations of the uncinate processes form this joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uncovertebral joints are also known as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uncovertebral joints span through these vertebra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are usually how many saddle-shapped diarthrodial articulations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe uncovertebral joints are formed between the uncinate processes found on the lateral aspect of the superior surface of the inferior vertebra, and what? |
|
Definition
| beveled inferior-lateral aspect of the superior vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Zygaphophysial joints are this typical joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe facets of zygapophysial joints are lined with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe joint capsules of zygapophysial joints are lax allowing for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This intra-articular inclusion is always present in zygapophysial joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The plane of the zygapophysical joint facets of the upper cervical spine are what orientation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The plane of the zygapophysical joint facets of the upper cervical vertebra is closer to what? |
|
Definition
| 35 degrees from horizontal |
|
|
Term
| The plane of the zygapophysical joint facets of the lower cervical vertebra take what orientation? |
|
Definition
| 65 degrees below the horizontal |
|
|
Term
| Orientation of the zygapophysial joints dictates what? |
|
Definition
| movement patterns and coupled movements |
|
|
Term
| Zygapophysical joint referral patterns: Pain is associated with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mid/Lower Cervical Spine Articular Surfaces: Inferior articular surfaces face how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mid/Lower Cervical Spine Articular Surfaces: superior articular surfaces of the vertebrae face how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unciform processes extend what of the vertebral body |
|
Definition
| superior plateau of either side |
|
|
Term
| Unciform processes extend the superior plateau of the vertebral plateau of the vertebral body on either side and articulate with a facet on what plateau of the vertebra above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many discs are there in the cervical spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the first cervical disc located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the cervical discs named? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the disc between c4 and c5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The IVD height to vertebral body height is greatest where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The IVD height to cervical vertebral body ration is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The IVD make up approximately how much of the superior to inferior height of the cervical spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior the cervical annulus fibrosis consists of these type of interwoven fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior the anulus fibrosis lacks these types of fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posteriorly, annulus fibrosis consists exclusively of these fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In no region of the cervical annulus, do successive lamellae exhibit alternating orientations as seen in what portion of the spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cervical discs are protected from herniation by what structures? |
|
Definition
| uncovertebral, posterior longitudinal ligament, disc morpohology |
|
|
Term
| You are less likely to have a herniated disk the older you get as a result of what? |
|
Definition
| nucleus becomes more fibrocartilagenous |
|
|
Term
| Considering the structure of the cervical annulus fibrosis, the possibilities that emerge for mechanisms of discogenic pain are |
|
Definition
| strain or tears of anterior AF |
|
|
Term
| Mechanisms of discogenic pain are usually a result of what? |
|
Definition
| hyperextension trauma, strain of the lateral portions of the Posterior longitudinal ligament when stretched by a bulging disc |
|
|
Term
| What cervical disc tend to involve nerve roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 degrees of freedom of the Mid/lower cervical spine? |
|
Definition
| flex/ext, lateral flexion, axial rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arthrokinemeatics of the Mid/lower Cervical Spine: Flexion |
|
Definition
| both facets of the upper vertebrae glide up and forward (open) |
|
|
Term
| Arthrokinemeatics of the Mid/lower Cervical Spine: extension |
|
Definition
| both facets of the upper vertebrae glide down and back (close) |
|
|
Term
| Arthrokinemeatics of the Mid/lower Cervical Spine: rotation to the right |
|
Definition
| right facet glides down and back while the left facet glides up and forward |
|
|
Term
| Arthrokinemeatics of the Mid/lower Cervical Spine: sidebending to the right |
|
Definition
| the right facet glides down and back while the left facet glides up and forward |
|
|
Term
| Coupled movements of the mid/lower cervical spine |
|
Definition
| rotation and sidebending occur to the same side |
|
|
Term
| If the head is in protraction, the upper cervical spine is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the head is in protraction the lower cervical spine is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the head is in retraction, the upper cervical spine is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the head is in retractoin, the lower cervical spine is in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transverse ligament attaches on either side of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transverse ligament courses posterior to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary stabilizer preventing anterior translation of C1 on C2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results in a 4 mm increase in anterior movement of the dens on C1 |
|
Definition
| transection of transverse ligament |
|
|
Term
| The alar ligament is made up of two portions, one that attaches to the ________ and the other to the _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alar ligament runs from the lateral odontoid to the medial margins of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alar ligament runs from the medial margins of the foramen magnum to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary restraint for cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and most importantly axial rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior longitudinal ligament is widest where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior annulus and vertebral bodies |
|
|
Term
| The PLL checks the posterior migration of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tectorial membrane is a continuation of what |
|
Definition
| posterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| The tectorial membrane attaches to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat bridges spaces between adjacent lamina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament is highly elastic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ligamentum flavum possibly prevents this motion of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ligamentum flavum provides a smooth posterior wall to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nucahe serve as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae is taught with what motion of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae are taught with the extreme of neck flexion resulting in what |
|
Definition
| flattening of the cervical lordosis |
|
|
Term
| the supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae possibly prevents what motion of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vertebral arteries come together to form what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Partial to complete occlusion of the vertebral artery may occur as a result of what |
|
Definition
| extension and rotation of the cervical spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dizziness, drop attack, dysphagia, dysarthra, diplopia |
|
|
Term
| Vertebral Artery insufficiency: Positive examination findings |
|
Definition
| nystagmus, slurring of speech, blurring of vision, dizziness, loss of consciousness, nausea, perioral numbness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary eye movements |
|
|
Term
| stretching and occlusion of VA occurs with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The VA contributes how much of total cerebral blood flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 89% of cerebral blood flow comes from where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rotation of teh C1/C2 articulation results in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep muscles of Head and neck: suboccipitals: combined action |
|
Definition
| extension, ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion |
|
|
Term
| What is contained within suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
| vertebral artery and dorsal ramus of c1 |
|
|
Term
| There is a large concentration of what in the suboccipitals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shortening of the suboccipitals affects what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The multifidus in cervical region is most likely more important for ______ rather than being a prime mover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The semispinalis muscles are prime movers for what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The semispinalis muscles are capable of some of what motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The semispinalis muscles are active during what |
|
Definition
| upright posutres, stabilizes lower cervical |
|
|
Term
| The semispinalis capitis is pierced by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This structure may be subject to entrapment by tension in the semispinalis capitis muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The splenius muscles have what actions |
|
Definition
| extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation |
|
|
Term
| These muscles are very active during extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The splenius muscles may ______ with forward head posture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The levator scapulae is responsible for what |
|
Definition
| scapular elevation and downward rotation |
|
|
Term
| If the scapula remains fixed, what are the actions of the levator scapulae |
|
Definition
| extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation |
|
|
Term
| This muscle stabilizes the head and neck with anterior muscles, while being involved with the scapula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This muscle tends to lengthen with poor posture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is the primary function of the trapezius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trapezius moves the scapula how? |
|
Definition
| depresses, retracts, upwardly rotates |
|
|
Term
| If the scapula remains fixed, the trapezius performs these actiosn |
|
Definition
| bilaterally extension of cervical spine. Unilateral flex and contralaterally rotates cervical spine |
|
|
Term
| What forms the medial border of the anterior/supraclavicular triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bilateral action of the sternocleidomastiod |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the unilateral action of the sternoclediomastiod |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head is tipped one way, with chin going in another |
|
|
Term
| the sternocleidomastoid can be affected by this MVA injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unilateral action of the scalenes |
|
Definition
| laterally flex, contrallaterally rotate, elevate rib |
|
|
Term
| bilateral action of the scalenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the scalenes are an accessory muscle for this action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tightness of the scalenes may result in compression of these structures |
|
Definition
| brachial plexus, subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| Compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery by the scalenes is called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the deep cervical flexors |
|
Definition
| longus colli, rectus capitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of the deep cervical flexors |
|
Definition
| flexion, ispilateral rotaiton |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the deep cervical flexors |
|
Definition
| stabilize the head and neck and prevent hyperextension |
|
|
Term
| The deep cervical flexors are often damaged as a result of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysfunction of the deep cervical flexors has a relationship with what |
|
Definition
| cervical instability, headaches |
|
|
Term
| Muscle contraction coupled with the weight of the head produces considerable _______ forces on the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C1: Dermatome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C1: Myotome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C1: DTR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C2: Dermatome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C2: myotome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C2: DTR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C3: dermatome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C3: myotome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C3: DTR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C4: dermatome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C4: myotome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C4: dtr |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical Root Assessment: C4: DTR |
|
Definition
|
|
